Abstract
Pymetrozine, a member of the azomethine pyridine group, is gaining popularity among paddy farmers due to its anti-feeding properties against homopteran insects like planthoppers, whiteflies, and aphids on a wide range of fields, fruits, and ornamental crops. To analyze this insecticide in different food and environmental samples of crop ecosystems, an eco-friendly, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method was developed using triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS and validated as per SANTE/12682/2019 for the detection of pymetrozine residues in paddy leaf, straw, husk, brown rice, and soil. The half-life in paddy leaf ranged from 4.27 to 5.14 days during rabi 2019-20 and 3.95 to 4.58 days during kharif 2020-21, at field application rate of 150 g.a.i. ha−1 and 300 g.a.i. ha−1, respectively. The half-life in paddy soil ranged from 5.56 to 6.69 days during rabi and 4.45 to 5.74 days during kharif at the respective doses. The hazard index value was less than one in brown rice at harvest, which indicates the product is safe for consumption at both doses. The risk quotient was less than one for earthworms (Eisenia foetida), indicating low-to-moderate risk. Dietary risk of paddy leaf (green fodder) was found safe for both dry and in-milk cattle consumption. The hazard index is less than one at 7 to 21 days onwards during rabi; 7 to 15 days onwards during kharif upon application of pymetrozine at 150 and 300 g.a.i. ha−1, respectively.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory (PRFQAL), University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, for laboratory research facility support and Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Gangavathi, for fieldwork.
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This project was undertaken with PhD student research program. Work was done under faculty research program.
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SM: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft; HNR: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, supervision, and writing—review and editing; PMS: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft; BM: resources, funding acquisition, and supervision; SH: investigation, formal analysis, resources, and visualization; SNR: investigation and formal analysis; NNM: investigation and formal analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Saraswati Mahato declares that she has no conflict of interest. Harischandra Naik R. declares that he has no conflict of interest. Pallavi, M. S. declares that she has no conflict of interest. Bheemanna M. declares that he has no conflict of interest. Sujay Hurali declares that he has no conflict of interest. Saroja Rao N. declares that she has no conflict of interest. Nagaraj Naik M. declares that he has no conflict of interest. B. K. Desai declares that she has no conflict of interest.
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Mahato, S., Harischandra Naik, R., Pallavi, M.S. et al. Environmental Safety Assessment and Dissipation Dynamics of Pymetrozine 50% WG Residues in Paddy Ecosystem Using Triple Quadrupole LC-MS/MS. Food Anal. Methods 16, 1746–1757 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02537-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-023-02537-x