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Rapid Simultaneous Analysis of Ten Biogenic Amines in Aquatic Products by Ultra-high-performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Combined with Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

A method for accurate, reliable, ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) coupled with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in aquatic foods was optimized and validated. The underivatized BAs were separated using an ACQUITY UPC2 BEH column, and gradient elution was performed using a mixture of supercritical CO2 and methanol containing 0.2% ammonia at a rate of 1.2 mL/min. There stationary phases (BEH, HSS C18 SB, and Torus 2-PIC) packed with sub-2-μm particles were selected, and the analytical conditions, including backpressure, flow rate, and column temperature, were investigated to improve the separation. Under the optimized conditions, all 10 BAs were simultaneously separated and determined by UHPSFC-MS within 5 min. A good linear relationship ranging from 0.25 to 5 μg mL−1 was obtained, with the detection limits between 0.0021 and 0.15 μg mL−1 and quantification limits between 0.064 and 0.46 μg mL−1. The recoveries of the 10 BAs in fermented fish sample were between 95.10 and 103.78%, and intra- and interday precisions were all below 8.59%. Furthermore, this method has the benefits of easy operation, rapid separation, and avoidance of tedious sample derivatization. The separation technique for analyzing the BAs not only satisfied the food safety and quality detection demands but also provided a technical approach for investigating the theoretical principle for the analysis of BAs.

Graphical abstract

An accurate, ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of biogenic amines (BAs) was developed, this approach is environmentally friendly and successfully achieved in 5 min.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant (2019YFD0901705); Public Welfare Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province (LGN18C200019); the scientific research fund of Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College (ZPCSR2015002, ZPCSR2015014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China

    Yingqi Du, Changrong Ou & Caiye Wu

  2. School of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, China

    Haiqing Tang & Zuman Chen

Authors
  1. Yingqi Du
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  2. Haiqing Tang
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  3. Changrong Ou
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  4. Caiye Wu
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Contributions

Yingqi Du performed the actual measurements and wrote the main manuscript text and Caiye Wu performed the actual measurements and prepared Figs. 1 and 2 and Table 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Changrong Ou, Haiqing Tang, and Zuman Chen revised it critically for important intellectual content. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Changrong Ou.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of Interest

Yingqi Du declare that he has no conflict of interest. Haiqing Tang declare that he has no conflict of interest. Changrong Ou declare that he has no conflict of interest. Caiye Wu declare that he has no conflict of interest. Zuman Chen declare that he has no conflict of interest.

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Highlights

1. A method for accurate, reliable, ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) coupled with mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of biogenic amines (BAs).

2. Near baseline separation of 10 biogenic amines were successfully achieved in 5 min.

3. This approach is environmentally friendly and time-saving due to not using organic reagent.

4. To determine the best analytical performance of this method, the analytical conditions of organic modifiers, temperature and backpressure were studied.

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Du, Y., Tang, H., Ou, C. et al. Rapid Simultaneous Analysis of Ten Biogenic Amines in Aquatic Products by Ultra-high-performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Combined with Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 16, 206–214 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02398-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02398-w

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