Abstract
Efficient enrichment of aliphatic bioamines is still a challenge due to their high polarity. In this work, a novel electromembrane extraction method co-modified with quantum dots, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and trioctyl phosphate (QDs-DEHP-TEHP@EME), was firstly developed for purification and enrichment of four typical aliphatic bioamines, and the extract was directly injected for electrophoretic separation and contactless conductivity detection. The main experimental parameters influencing separation and extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the four target analytes could be baseline separated from the main potential coexisting substances (five common inorganic cations, two aromatic bioamines, and two heterocyclic bioamines). Furthermore, the limits of detection in the sample matrix could reach 0.060–6.0 µg L−1 (S/N = 3) based on the synergistic enrichment effect of field amplified stacking injection (FASI), and the corresponding enrichment factors reached 30–1853 times. This developed method has been successfully used for the sample analyses of tap and bottled drinking water, and the average recoveries were in the range of 80.0–117%. In brief, off-line QDs-DEHP-TEHP@EME and on-line FASI offer an efficient enrichment for the four polar aliphatic bioamines, and contactless conductivity detection method needs no derivatization. This proposed method provides an alternative for the polar bioamines in the real-world water quality analysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information file.
References
Aghaei A, Erfani Jazi ME, Mlsna T, Kamyabi MA (2019) A novel method for the preconcentration and determination of ampicillin using electromembrane microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 42:3002–3008. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201900016
Alizadeh-Ghodsi M, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, Zavari-Nematabad A, Walker B, Annabi N, Akbarzadeh A (2019) State-of-the-art and trends in synthesis, properties, and application of quantum dots-based nanomaterials. Part Part Syst Charact 36:1800302. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800302
Atarodi A, Chamsaz M, Moghaddam AZ, Tabani H (2016) Introduction of high nitrogen doped graphene as a new cationic carrier in electromembrane extraction. Electrophoresis 37:1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201600001
Cao D, Xu X, Xue S, Feng X, Zhang L (2019) An in situ derivatization combined with magnetic ionic liquid-based fast dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of biogenic amines in food samples. Talanta 199:212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.065
Chen ZY, Wang TT, Guo MN, Chang H, Zhou H, Wang Y, Ye JN, Chu QC, Huang DP (2019) Electrophoretic analysis of polyamines in exhaled breath condensate based on gold-nanoparticles microextraction coupled with field-amplified sample stacking. Talanta 198:480–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.020
Drouin N, Kuban P, Rudaz S, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Schappler J (2019) Electromembrane extraction: overview of the last decade. Trend Anal Chem 113:357–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.024
Elbashir AA, Elgorashe REE, Alnajjar AO, Aboul-Enein HY (2020) Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D): 2017–2020. Crit Rev Anal Chem. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2020.1809340
Fashi A, Khanban F, Yaftian MR, Zamani A (2017) The cooperative effect of reduced graphene oxide and Triton X-114 on the electromembrane microextraction efficiency of Pramipexole as a model analyte in urine samples. Talanta 162:210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.067
Forough M, Farhadi K, Eyshi A, Molaei R, Khalili H, Kouzegaran VJ, Matin AA (2017) Rapid ionic liquid-supported nano-hybrid composite reinforced hollow-fiber electromembrane extraction followed by field-amplified sample injection-capillary electrophoresis: an effective approach for extraction and quantification of Imatinib mesylate in human plasma. J Chromatogr A 1516:21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.017
Gao ZT, Zhong WW (2022) Recent (2018–2020) development in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 414:115–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03290-y
GB/T 21970–2008 (n.d.) General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of China. Water quality-determination of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine and histamine-High performance liquid chromatography method
Gjelstad A, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S (2006) Electrokinetic migration across artificial liquid membranes Tuning the membrane chemistry to different types of drug substances. J Chromatogr A 1124:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.039
Gubartallah EA, Makahleh A, Quirino JP, Saad B (2018) Determination of biogenic amines in seawater using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Molecules 23:1112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051112
Guo MN, Liu SY, Wang MM, Lv YF, Shi JL, Zeng Y, Ye JN, Chu QC (2020) Double surfactants - assisted electromembrane extraction of cyromazine and melamine in surface water, soil and cucumber samples followed by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. J Sci Food Agr 100:301–307. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10039
Hasheminasab KS, Fakhari AR (2013) Development and application of carbon nanotubes assisted electromembrane extraction (CNTs/EME) for the determination of buprenorphine as a model of basic drugs from urine samples. Anal Chim Acta 767:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.046
He LL, Xu ZQ, Hirokawa T, Shen L (2017) Simultaneous determination of aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic biogenic amines without derivatization by capillary electrophoresis and application in beer analysis. J Chromatogr A 1482:109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.067
Khajeh M, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Bohlooli M, Barkhordar A, Ghaffari-Moghaddam M (2017) Maghemite nanoparticle-decorated hollow fiber electromembrane extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of thymol from carum copticum. J Sci Food Agric 97:1517–1523. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7894
Knoll S, Rosch T, Huhn C (2020) Trends in sample preparation and separation methods for the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds in environmental water and biota samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 412:6149–6165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02811-5
Kosma I, Badeka A (2021) Determination of six underivatized biogenic amines by LC-MS/MS and study of biogenic amine production during trout (Salmo trutta) storage in ice. Food Addit Contam A 38:476–487. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1865580
Li WL, Ge JY, Pan YL, Chu QC, Ye JN (2012) Direct analysis of biogenic amines in water matrix by modified capillary zone electrophoresis with 18-crown-6. Microchim Acta 177:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-011-0755-4
Li WL, Pan YL, Liu Y, Zhang XL, Ye JN, Chu QC (2014a) Simultaneous determination of eight typical biogenic amines by CZE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Chromatographia 77:287–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-013-2595-3
Li Z, Zhang Y, Tong FH, Jiang TT, Zheng HP, Ye JN, Chu QC (2014b) Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection of main polyamines and precursor amino acids in saliva. Chin Chem Lett 25:640–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2014.01.037
Liu YM, Cheng JK (2003) Separation of biogenic amines by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with on-line chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1003:211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00635-6
Liu Y, Zhang XL, Guo L, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang ZY, Huang MF, Yang C, Ye JN, Chu QC (2014) Electromembrane extraction of salivary polyamines followed by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 128:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.079
Liu SJ, Xu JJ, Ma CL, Guo CF (2018) A comparative analysis of derivatization strategies for the determination of biogenic amines in sausage and cheese by HPLC. Food Chem 266:275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.001
Liu W, Ni QY, Li HK, Zhang WB (2020) Determination of biogenic amines in water by HPLC-FLD. Fujian Anal Test 29:1–6
Mantoanelli JOF, Gonçalves LM, Pereira EA (2020) Dansyl chloride as a derivatizing agent for the analysis of biogenic amines by CZE-UV. Chromatographia 83:767–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-020-03896-x
Marakova K, Piestansky J, Zelinkova Z, Mikus P (2020) Simultaneous determination of twelve biogenic amines in human urine as potential biomarkers of inflammatory bowel diseases by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 186:113294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113294
Mollahosseini A, Elyasi Y, Rastegari M (2019) An improvement of electrospun membrane reusability via titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silane compounds for the electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 1088:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.050
Plakidi ES, Maragou NC, Dasenaki ME, Megoulas NC, Koupparis MA, Thomaidis NS (2020) Liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in fish based on pyrene sulfonyl chloride pre-column derivatization. Foods 9:609. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050609
Quan ZT, Xie GF, Peng Q, Shan JC, Xing WH, Zhang JL, Li SL, Chan ZY, Chou CF, Zou HJ (2016) Determining eight biogenic amines in surface water using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pol J Environ Stud 25:1669–1673. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/62096
Tahmasebi Z, Davarani SSH, Asgharinezhad AA (2018a) Highly efficient electrochemical determination of propylthiouracil in urine samples after selective electromembrane extraction by copper nanoparticles-decorated hollow fibers. Biosens Bioelectron 114:66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.014
Tahmasebi Z, Davarani SSH, Ebrahimzadeh H, Asgharinezhad AA (2018b) Ultra-trace determination of Cr (VI) ions in real water samples after electromembrane extraction through novel nanostructured polyaniline reinforced hollow fibers followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchem J 143:212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2018.08.014
Wang Y, Kong JX, Chen ZY, Luo D, Ye JN, Chu QC (2018) Determination of major sialic acids in dairy products by electrophoretic stacking technology with contactless conductivity detection. Food Anal Methods 11:1105–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-1082-0
Wang TT, Cheng YH, Zhang YL, Zha JY, Ye JN, Chu QC, Cheng GF (2020) β-cyclodextrin modified quantum dots as pseudo-stationary phase for direct enantioseparation based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Talanta 210:120629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120629
Wojcik W, Lukasiewicz M, Puppel K (2020) Biogenic amines: formation, action and toxicity-a review. J Sci Food Agric 101:2634–2640. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10928
Yaripour S, Mohammadi A, Nojavan S (2016) Electromembrane extraction of tartrazine from food samples: Effects of nano-sorbents on membrane performance. J Sep Sci 39:2642–2651. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201600071
Zarghampour F, Yamini Y, Baharfar M, Faraji M (2018) Electromembrane extraction of biogenicamines in food samples by a microfluidic-chip system followed by dabsyl derivatization prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A 1556:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.046
Zhang YJ, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Yang WZ, Feng XS (2019) A review of pretreatment and analytical methods of biogenic amines in food and biological samples since 2010. J Chromatogr A 1605:360361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.07.015
Funding
This work was supported by the Students Innovative Experimental Project of Shanghai Municipality (No. 202110269076S).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Informed Consent
Informed consent not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
Qianqian Liu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Manman Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Jiaying Chen declares that she has no conflict of interest. Xiaofeng Jing declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yingxin Sun declares that she has no conflict of interest. Jiannong Ye declares that he has no conflict of interest. Qingcui Chu declares that she has no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Q., Wang, M., Chen, J. et al. Quantum Dots and Double Surfactant-Co-modified Electromembrane Extraction of Polar Aliphatic Bioamines in Water Samples Followed by Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection. Food Anal. Methods 15, 2566–2574 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02309-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02309-z