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Simultaneous Determination of Danofloxacin and Flumequine in Milk Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Tools

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Abstract

The aim of this paper was to develop a rapid screening method to determine danofloxacin (DANO) and flumequine (FLU) in milk by fluorescence spectroscopy combined with three different chemometric tools. In this study, 2-D fluorescence data and multivariate calibration based on a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression were combined to simultaneously qualify and quantify DANO and FLU concentrations in commercial ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilized and pasteurized milk. Calibration sets based on the UHT whole milk from brand A were built and performed using a partial least squares (PLS) regression after deproteinization. Prediction sets based on 13 types of milk were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), principal PLS-DA, and PLS regression models. The multivariate calibration models were better able to determine the DANO and FLU concentrations than the univariate models, and these models could be applied to other types of milk. In contrast to the PLS-DA, which had good sensitivity and specificity, the PCA yielded less satisfactory results. In the quantitative analysis, the recoveries of the two analytes were reasonable and the root mean square error of prediction was within the acceptable range. The relative standard deviations of the predicted DANO and FLU concentrations on the various testing days were 9.2 and 6.2 %, respectively, demonstrating that the analytical method had a good reproducibility.

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Abbreviations

DANO:

Danofloxacin

FLU:

Flumequine

UHT:

Ultra-high-temperature sterilization

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLS:

Partial least squares

PLS-DA:

Partial least squares discriminant analysis

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination

RMSECV:

Root mean square error of cross-validation

RMSEP:

Root mean square error of prediction

LV:

Number of latent variables

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was provided by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation of China (30901128).

Conflict of Interest

Xiaoming Liu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Shiyun Feng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Peng Zhou declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yongquan Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Hao Zhang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Wei Chen declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoming Liu & Wei Chen

  2. School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoming Liu, Shiyun Feng, Peng Zhou, Yongquan Chen, Hao Zhang & Wei Chen

Authors
  1. Xiaoming Liu
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  2. Shiyun Feng
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  3. Peng Zhou
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  5. Hao Zhang
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Correspondence to Wei Chen.

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Liu, X., Feng, S., Zhou, P. et al. Simultaneous Determination of Danofloxacin and Flumequine in Milk Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Tools. Food Anal. Methods 6, 1739–1749 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9702-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-013-9702-9

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