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The Cortisol Awakening Response Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Self-Reported Health in Mexican Americans

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Background

The assessment of acculturative stress as synonymous with acculturation level overlooks the dynamic, interactive, and developmental nature of the acculturation process. An individual’s unique perception and response to a range of stressors at each stage of the dynamic process of acculturation may be associated with stress-induced alterations in important biological response systems that mediate health outcomes. Evidence suggests the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a promising pre-clinical biomarker of stress exposure that may link acculturative stress to self-reported health in Mexican Americans.

Purpose

The aim of the current study was to examine whether alterations in the CAR mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and self-reported health in Mexican Americans.

Methods

Salivary cortisol samples were collected at awakening, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter, on two consecutive weekdays from a sample of adult Mexican Americans. Acculturative stress and self-reported health were assessed. Data were aggregated and analyzed (n = 89) using a mixed effects regression model and path analysis.

Results

Poorer self-reported health was associated with attenuated CAR profiles (primarily due to a diminished post-awakening rise in cortisol) predicted by both moderate and high levels of exposure to acculturative stress. Stress-induced alterations in the CAR mediated the relationship between exposure to acculturative stressors and self-reported health.

Conclusions

Findings demonstrate that different levels of acculturative stress are associated with distinct CAR profiles and suggest the CAR is one possible biological pathway through which exposure to culturally unique stressors may be linked to health disparities.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for support from the San Antonio Life Sciences Institute and a fellowship (AFG) from the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS-RISE GM060655).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA

    Antonio F. Garcia MA & Deborah L. Mangold PhD

  2. The University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Kristin Wilborn PhD

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  1. Antonio F. Garcia MA
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Correspondence to Deborah L. Mangold PhD.

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Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and /or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Sources of Funding

The authors are grateful to the San Antonio Life Sciences Institute, for their support of this research.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study (see statement regarding consent in the first paragraph of the manuscript under the section entitled, “Results”).

Authors’ Statement of Conflict of Interest and Adherence to Ethical Standards

Authors Garcia, Wilborn, and Mangold declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures, including the informed consent process, were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

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Garcia, A.F., Wilborn, K. & Mangold, D.L. The Cortisol Awakening Response Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Self-Reported Health in Mexican Americans. ann. behav. med. 51, 787–798 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-017-9901-5

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