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A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Social Norm Interventions to Increase Physical Activity

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Annals of Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Background

Physical activity confers numerous health benefits, yet few adults meet recommended physical activity guidelines.

Purpose

The impact of brief messages providing descriptive and injunctive social norm feedback on physical activity was tested in this conceptual pilot study.

Methods

Young adults (N = 111) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: descriptive norm feedback, descriptive-plus-injunctive norm feedback, or no social feedback (control condition). Participants used pedometers for eight weekdays and recorded their step counts each evening. The descriptive norm group received feedback about the average number of steps taken by group members the previous day. The descriptive-plus-injunctive norm group received feedback about the group average, as well as a sad face if the participant was below the average or a happy face if the participant was above the average. The control group received no feedback throughout the study.

Results

By days 7 and 8, the descriptive-plus-injunctive norm group reported significantly more steps relative to the control group, whereas the descriptive norm group showed a trend toward higher step counts relative to the control group. These effects did not differ for participants above versus below the group average at baseline.

Conclusion

The combined use of descriptive and injunctive social norms increased physical activity over a short period. This simple feedback strategy has potential for achieving wide reach and dissemination on its own or combined with more comprehensive interventions. This initial evidence can guide larger trials of longer duration.

Trial Registration Number

The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT02710201)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Christopher M. Wally BS & Linda D. Cameron PhD

Authors
  1. Christopher M. Wally BS
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  2. Linda D. Cameron PhD
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Correspondence to Christopher M. Wally BS.

Ethics declarations

Authors’ Statement of Conflict of Interest and Adherence to Ethical Standards Authors Wally and Cameron declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures, including the informed consent process, were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the UC Merced Institutional Review Board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Wally, C.M., Cameron, L.D. A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Social Norm Interventions to Increase Physical Activity. ann. behav. med. 51, 642–651 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-017-9887-z

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