Abstract
One of the most critical parameters for estimating the water consumption of plants in water cycle, is the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), which allows more accurate prediction and planning of water resources. Also, formulating hydrological processes always has serious challenges. Therefore, taking advantages of satellite images can be a suitable way to compensate for the lack of meteorological information. Nevertheless, satellite data have intervals of several days, so in this research, by implementing the spline (S) and cubic spline (CS) interpolation methods, the extracted parameters of satellite images in the time intervals of several days were converted into daily scale. Then, by applying random forest (RF) algorithm and random forest optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-RF), the daily scale satellite parameters, including land surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index, were used in 17 different combinations to estimate daily ET0 values. The obtained results showed that the accuracy of the estimated ET0 in Tabriz station by CS-RF-10 and S-RF-10 models and utilizing meteorological and satellite image parameters is higher than other implemented scenarios. In addition, statistical analysis of error parameters of CS-RF-10 (R2 = 0.988, RMSE = 0.362, NS = 0.986), S-RF-10 (R2 = 0.988, 0.364 = RMSE, NS = 0.987), S-GA-RF-10 (R2 = 0.990, RMSE = 0.333, NS = 0.989) and CS-GA-RF-10 (R2 = 0.990, RMSE = 0.334, NS = 0.989) indicated that the cubic spline interpolation method is more accurate than the standalone spline for estimating daily ET0. Conclusively, the findings of the current research revealed that by implementing the cubic spline interpolation method and applying random forest optimized with a genetic algorithm, daily ET0 values might be estimated with acceptable accuracy.
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A: Data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; validation; visualization; writing—original draft. B: Data curation; formal analysis; investigation; methodology; resources; visualization; supervision; writing—original draft. C: Conceptualization; Formal analysis; validation; visualization; writing—original draft. D: Conceptualization; Formal analysis; validation; visualization; writing—original draft.
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Communicated by: R. Barzegar
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Amirzehni, P., Samadianfard, S., Nazemi, A. et al. Evaluating capabilities of the spline and cubic spline interpolation functions in reference evapotranspiration estimation implementing satellite image data. Earth Sci Inform 16, 3779–3795 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01127-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01127-z