Abstract
Mindfulness enhances executive control and regulates emotion, but the role of mindfulness in response inhibition in emotional contexts remains unclear. The present study used a stop-signal task to investigate the interactive effect of mindfulness, response inhibition, and emotions. Individuals with prior experience in mindfulness meditation and no meditation experience participated in the study. In the stop-signal task, participants responded to the target stimulus using keypress on go trials and inhibited the response on stop trials. On each trial, an emotional face (prime; angry, happy, or neutral) preceded the target stimulus, but they were instructed to ignore the face. After the task, participants filled out self-report scales associated with attention and awareness, affect, mood, and impulsivity. No group differences were found on any self-report measure. The task results showed that happy face primes enhanced response inhibition in non-meditators, whereas angry face primes enhanced response inhibition in mindfulness meditators. The results are explained through functional perspectives of how mindfulness influences attentional resource deployment to emotional stimuli, affecting response processes over time. The study demonstrates the existence of emotional asymmetry in the inhibitory process arising from mindfulness practice. The findings contribute to understanding the temporally dynamic patterns through which mindfulness modulates the attention-emotion interface to promote meaning in the face of difficulty.
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Notes
Regarding SSRT, please note that there were forty-eight stop trials in the task. Dividing them gender-wise into male and female targets would reduce it to 24 stop trials/gender. Further emotion-wise division (angry, happy, neutral) would leave us with only eight stop trials in each valence condition for male and female targets. SSDs and SSRT estimations from such a small number of stop trials would give weak and misleading results with the current design of the stop-signal task, which precluded us from performing the analysis.
References
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the IRCC, IITB seed grant (RD/0518-IRCCSH0-013) to Prof. Gupta and the University Grant Commission (378/(NET-NOV2017)) to Ms. Surabhi Lodha. We thank Mr. Shubham Pandey for his help with data analysis.
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S.L. and R.G. conceived the experiment, S.L. conducted the experiment, S.L. and R.G. analyzed the results. Both authors contributed to the manuscript.
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Lodha, S., Gupta, R. Irrelevant angry, but not happy, faces facilitate response inhibition in mindfulness meditators. Curr Psychol 43, 811–826 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04384-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04384-9