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Organizational and non-organizational risk and resilience factors associated with mental health and well-being in the Royal Canadian Navy

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Abstract

Research on resilience to adversity/stress in the military has typically involved samples of predominantly Army members and focused on individual-level factors. The current study examined a broader range of organizational and non-organizational risk and resilience factors linked to mental health and well-being in hard sea occupations managed by the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). An electronic survey was administered to a stratified random sample of 930 members in hard sea occupations. Most of the weighted sample were male non-commissioned members of the Regular Force, and just over half were serving on-ship at the time of survey administration. Multivariate linear regressions identified correlates of psychological distress, life satisfaction, and burnout. Many of the organizational factors (e.g., workload, work-family conflict) were significantly associated with burnout, while final regression models for the broader outcomes of psychological distress and life satisfaction included a smaller set of organizational variables, as well as other risk and resilience factors extending beyond the workplace (e.g., social support, mastery). The findings also suggested a moderating effect of reward on the association between job stress and psychological distress and differences in the relationships among variables for those serving on-ship versus in a land-based unit. These results highlight the need for research that accounts for the unique experiences of navy personnel, and the need to consider a broad range of risk and resilience factors. Maximizing these resilience factors and/or reducing these risk factors may enhance mental health and well-being among navy personnel.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available and are owned by the Government of Canada. Researchers must follow appropriate procedures to be provided access by the Government of Canada.

Code Availability

Scripts for analyses are owned by the Government of Canada. Researchers must follow appropriate procedures to be provided access by the Government of Canada.

Notes

  1. Due to low unweighted sample sizes, the response categories for time away and time sailing of “less than one month,” “one to three months,” and “more than three months” were combined for analysis.

  2. Open-ended survey questions asking members to identify those factors that they perceive to influence their resilience were also analyzed and reported on elsewhere (Guérin & Gottschall, 2020).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of members of Director General Military Personnel Research and Analysis involved in the administration of the Defence Workplace Well-being Survey, which was administered jointly with the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) Resilience Survey. Additionally, the authors would like to thank all RCN members who completed the surveys and provided valuable data for the current study.

Funding

The current study was funded by the Department of National Defence, Canada.

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  1. Department of National Defence, 60 Moodie Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A OK2, Canada

    Shannon Gottschall & Eva Guérin

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  1. Shannon Gottschall
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Correspondence to Shannon Gottschall.

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The study methodology received ethics approval from the Director General Military Personnel Research and Analysis Social Science Research Review Board [approval number 1705/17F].

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Gottschall, S., Guérin, E. Organizational and non-organizational risk and resilience factors associated with mental health and well-being in the Royal Canadian Navy. Curr Psychol 42, 6179–6193 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01508-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01508-x

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