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The relationship between social dominance orientation, gender role orientation and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians in a Turkish sample

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Abstract

Sexual prejudice refers to negative attitudes towards individuals based on their sexual orientation. Scholars have shown an interest in identifying the factors that may increase the probability of prejudice against sexual minorities. The current study investigates in particular the main and interactive effects of the participants’ social dominance orientation (SDO) and gender role orientation on their attitudes toward gay men and lesbians in a Turkish sample. It examines whether the effect of SDO on prejudiced attitudes would be stronger among individuals with high adherence to traditional gender roles. A total of 250 heterosexual university students filled out a questionnaire consisting of items designed to measure their SDO, gender role orientation and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. The results overall revealed that SDO, femininity (among females) and masculinity (among males) are positively related to prejudiced attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Supporting expectations, SDO and femininity interact in predicting sexual prejudice. However, masculinity does not interact with participants’ SDO. The supplementary analyses also revealed that the effect of SDO on prejudiced attitudes was stronger among female participants with high femininity scores and among male participants with lower femininity scores. These findings indicate that a general preference for group inequality and endorsement of traditional gender role predispose individuals to be prejudiced against gay men and lesbians. Thus, the present study supplements the related literature by examining the interactive effects of SDO and gender role orientation in Turkey, a non-Western cultural context. It also provides important implications for researchers and practitioners in terms of developing strategies to reduce prejudice against sexual minorities.

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Notes

  1. The term ‘sexual prejudice’ is used in the current study to refer to “negative attitudes toward individuals based on their membership in a group defined by sexual attractions, behaviors or orientation” (Herek and McLemore 2013, p. 311) because the term ‘homophobia’ was criticized by some scholars as it represents a form of individual psychopathology and disregards the influence of society and culture (Herek 2004, 2009b). It is also argued that society’s shared knowledge of negative regard for sexual minorities needs to be considered together with individual thought processes in order to better understand the construct. To address these limitations, scholars conceptualize heterosexuals’ negative responses as “the internalization of societal stigma that results in the negative evaluation of sexual minorities” (Herek 2009b, p. 74).

  2. Authoritarianism is proposed to be another individual predisposition related to prejudice. SDO and authoritarianism are similar albeit different constructs, such that scholars view authoritarianism as an “abnormal and pathological condition in the form of ego-defense against feelings such as inadequacy”, whereas SDO is viewed as a “normal human propensity” (Pratto et al. 1994, p.744).

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  1. Department of Psychology, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey

    Irem Metin-Orta

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Metin-Orta, I. The relationship between social dominance orientation, gender role orientation and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians in a Turkish sample. Curr Psychol 40, 3425–3439 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00293-y

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