Notes
This is not to deny that Berlin is a realist in the much broader sense that he opposes utopianism and radicalism in political thought and favors moderation and compromise: see Crowder 2004; pp. 172–176.
Berlin goes further, arguing (briefly) for social justice programs as helping to provide the “conditions” of negative liberty: Berlin 2002; p. 45.
Williams’s position on this point is ambiguous, sometimes implying that vindication may be possible after all. Hall refers to Williams as defending “the idea of a vindicatory historical understanding” (p. 132).
In an endnote, Hall does sympathetically mention Jubb’s attempt to link realism to egalitarian politics (p. 209, note 24), but he does not explain Jubb’s argument or show how it fits with his own position.
References
Berlin, I. 2002. Liberty, ed. H. Hardy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crowder, G. 2004. Isaiah Berlin: Liberty and Pluralism. Cambridge: Polity.
Rawls, J. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rawls, J. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.
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Crowder, G. Edward Hall, Value, Conflict, and Order: Berlin, Hampshire, Williams, and the Realist Revival in Political Theory. Soc 60, 1061–1066 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-023-00915-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-023-00915-z