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Metastatic Disease to a Concurrent Thyroid Neoplasm: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

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Abstract

Background

Metastatic disease to the thyroid gland is uncommon but well-described. Metastatic disease to a concurrent primary thyroid neoplasm is a rare phenomenon. We sought to study patients with metastasis to the thyroid with a focus on the histopathologic and clinical features in tumor-to-tumor metastasis.

Methods

We identified a series of patients with metastatic disease to the thyroid, with or without a concurrent primary neoplasm, through a search of the files of the Department of Pathology. All relevant slides were retrieved and reviewed, including routine HE and immunohistochemical stains. We performed a detailed English language literature search (1962–2022) and review to identify tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving the thyroid.

Results

We identified 14 patients with metastasis to the thyroid over a 22-year period. Four patients exhibited papillary thyroid carcinoma, with metastatic spread of a different malignancy seeding into the thyroid cancer. We describe the histopathologic diagnostic process and findings, clinical management, and the clinical course of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in greater detail for these 4 patients.

Conclusion

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis to the thyroid is a rare event with unique histopathologic features. Our findings suggest that the phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis serves to highlight broader mechanisms of metastatic disease in general. We provide the largest-to-date and comprehensive review of the literature to identify all previous reported instances of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving the thyroid.

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Data Availability

All applicable data is presented in the manuscript. The authors can provide a copy of further data/information, if needed, upon reasonable request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Susan Stenzel and Denise Bral from the Department of Pathology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Michael Garneau

  2. Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 52242, IA, Iowa City, USA

    Geeta Lal

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Eyas Alyzadneh & Anand Rajan KD

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All authors attest that they meet the current ICMJE criteria for Authorship. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Eyas Alyzadneh, Michael Garneau, and Anand Rajan KD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Michael Garneau and all authors commented on and edited further versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Garneau, M., Alyzadneh, E., Lal, G. et al. Metastatic Disease to a Concurrent Thyroid Neoplasm: A Case Series and Review of the Literature. Head and Neck Pathol 17, 447–459 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-022-01509-7

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