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Selected Topics in the Pathology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands in Children and Adolescents

  • Special Issue: Pediatric Pathology
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Abstract

The goals of this chapter in keeping with the overall general themes of this special edition will be (1) to highlight aspects of development of the thyroid and parathyroid glands with particular focus on the role and contribution of the neural crest (or not) and how this may impact on the pathology that is seen, (2) to emphasize those lesions particularly more commonly arising in the pediatric population that actually generate specimens that the surgical pathologist would encounter, and (3) highlight more in depth specific lesions associated with heritable syndromes or specific gene mutations since the heritable syndromes tends to manifest in the pediatric age group. In this light, the other interesting areas of pediatric thyroid disease including medical thyroid diseases, congenital hypothyroidism, anatomic variants and aberrations of development that lead to structural anomalies will not be emphasized here.

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taken from the 11-year-old boy presented above. This uniformly hypercellular gland is finely encapsulated (blue arrow in (b)) and abuts normal parathyroid tissue characteristic of adenomas (black arrow in (b)). Some thicker fibrous bands are seen traversing the adenoma proper but other features to suggest malignancy (capsular/vascular invasion, trabecular growth, atypia, atypical mitoses) were not seen (HE, 20X, 40X). c Intrathyroidal lesion seen in the thyroidectomy specimen from the young girl with MEN2A presented above that has similar cytological features to that of the medullary thyroid microcarcinoma. This lesion is clearly parathyroid gland confirmed by the diffuse staining with anti-PTH antibody in (d) (HE, 40X and PTH, 40X)

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    John A. Ozolek

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Ozolek, J.A. Selected Topics in the Pathology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands in Children and Adolescents. Head and Neck Pathol 15, 85–106 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-020-01274-5

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