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Prostate cancer biomarkers: from early diagnosis to precision treatment

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Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer in men. In 2020, approximately 1,414,259 new cases were reported that accounted for 3,75,324 deaths (Sung et al. in CA 71:209–249, 2021). PCa is often asymptomatic at early stages; hence, routine screening and monitoring based on reliable biomarkers is crucial for early detection and assessment of cancer progression. Early diagnosis of disease is key step in reducing PCa-induced mortality. Biomarkers such as PSA have played vital role in reducing recent PCa deaths. Recent research has identified many other biomarkers and also refined PSA-based tests for non-invasive diagnosis of PCa in patients. Despite progress in screening methods, an important issue that influences treatment is heterogeneity of the cancer in different individuals, necessitating personalized treatment. Currently, focus is to identify biomarkers that can accurately diagnose PCa at early stage, indicate the stage of the disease, metastatic nature and chances of survival based on individual patient profile (Fig. 1).

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) grant CRG/2019/002583.

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Science and Engineering Research Board, CRG/2019/002583, Gargi Bagchi.

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  1. Sanjana Hans and Ruchi Kumari have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India, 122413

    Versha Dahiya, Sanjana Hans, Ruchi Kumari & Gargi Bagchi

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Gargi Bagchi: conceptualization, supervision, review and editing. Versha Dahiya: manuscript writing, preparing figures and tables. Sanjana Hans and Ruchi Kumari: manuscript writing.

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Dahiya, V., Hans, S., Kumari, R. et al. Prostate cancer biomarkers: from early diagnosis to precision treatment. Clin Transl Oncol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-024-03508-2

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