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Circulating non-coding RNAs as new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and a large number of patients are diagnosed and die every year. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis, prediction and treatment, early diagnosis rate of CRC is low and the prognosis is poor. Studies have found that abnormally expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs),etc.) play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of CRC. Some studies have shown that they are stable in the blood and can be detected repeatedly. They are expected to be non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and prediction of drug sensitivity of CRC, as well as potential applications in the treatment of CRC.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

source of circulating ncRNAs in CRC

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Abbreviations

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

ncRNAs:

Non-coding RNAs

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

circRNA:

Circular RNAs

lncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

CRAs:

Colorectal adenomas

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

CA199:

Carbohydrate antigen199

CA125:

Carbohydrate antigen125

WGS:

Whole genome sequencing

tRNAs:

Transfer RNAs

rRNAs:

Ribosomal RNAs

snoRNAs:

Small nucleoli RNAs

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristics

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

MVs:

Microvesicles

MPs:

Microparticles

SPRED1:

Sprouty related proteins 1

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

CXCL12:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12

AGO:

Argonaute

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

AUC:

Area under the curve

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristics

TNM:

Tumor Node Metastasis

OS:

Overall survival

FOLFOX:

Fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin

XELOX:

Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin

NFIX:

Nuclear factor I/X

Bcl-2:

B cell lymphoma-2

MVP:

Main vault protein

ITGA2:

Integrin Alpha 2

ZEB1:

Zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox1

PDCD10:

Programmed cell death 10

RNase:

Ribonuclease

BIDs:

Benign intestinal diseases

HCs:

Healthy controls

FCHSD2:

FCH and double SH3 domains protein 2

siRNA:

Small stranded RNA

H19:

The reciprocally imprinted partner of Igf2

HOTTIP:

HOXA distal transcript antisense RNA

HULC:

Highly up-regulated in liver cancer

CCAT2:

Colon cancer-associated transcript 2

CRNDE-h:

Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed-h

ZFAS1:

Zinc finger antisense 1

GNAT1-1:

G protein subunit α transducin 1

NATs:

Normal appearing tissues

HIF1A-AS1:

HIF 1alpha-antisense RNA 1

GAS5:

Growth arrest-specific transcript 5

RFS:

Relapse-free survival

RPPH1:

RNAse P RNA component H1

DFS:

Disease-free survival

UCA1:

Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1

XIST:

X Inactive Specific Transcript

MEG3:

Maternally expressed gene 3

Erk:

Extracellular regulated protein kinases

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

SNHG11:

Small nucleolar host gene 11

CCAL:

Colorectal cancer-associated lncRNA

HuR:

Human antigen R

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

TUBB3:

Beta-III tubulin

MYO6:

Myosins of class VI

ceRNA:

Competing endogenous RNAs

piRNA:

PIWI interacting RNA

snRNA:

Small nuclear RNA

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

RNU2-1F:

U2 snRNA fragment

PFS:

Progression free survival

ORs:

Odds ratio

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

PIWIL2:

Piwi-like protein 2

P-SRC:

Phosphorylated Src

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factorVEGF

IGF-1R:

Insulin-like growth factor receptorIGF-1R

MRP2:

Multidrug resistance associated protein

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (No.2016A610121).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China

    L. Yang

  2. The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China

    L. Yang, X. Zhang & G. Hu

  3. Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    L. Yang, X. Zhang & G. Hu

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Yang, L., Zhang, X. & Hu, G. Circulating non-coding RNAs as new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 23, 2220–2236 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-021-02639-0

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