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Achieving a better energy-efficient automotive air-conditioning system: a review of potential technologies and strategies for vapor compression refrigeration cycle

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Abstract

This article presents a review of potential technologies and strategies to develop an energy-efficient automotive air-conditioner based on the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle system. This paper is broadly divided into two sections. The first is a review of component optimization (primary and secondary components) that enhances the energy efficiency of the automotive air-conditioning (AAC) system. The second presents a review of operational management and control that efficiently consumes energy in operating the AAC system while maintaining vehicular thermal comfort satisfaction. Some of the technologies and strategies described in this article are still conceptual and are the subject of ongoing research. However, the growing demand to reduce energy consumption by developing a new AAC system has led to an increasing number of related studies aimed at generating alternative conventional systems in the near future.

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Abbreviations

A/C:

Air-conditioning

AAC:

Automotive air-conditioning

CRC:

Conventional refrigerant cycle

DEAC:

Dual-evaporator air-conditioning

DX:

Direct expansion

EEV:

Electronic expansion valve

EV:

Electric vehicle

EVDC:

Externally controlled variable capacity compressor

FCC:

Fixed capacity compressor

FDC:

Fixed displacement compressor

FSTPID:

Fuzzy self-tuning proportional integral derivative

HVAC:

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

MEC:

Modified ejector cycle

RV:

Revolving vane

SC:

Standard cycle

SEC:

Standard ejector cycle

TEV:

Thermostatic expansion valve

TPERC:

Two-phase ejector refrigerant cycle

VAV:

Variable air volume

VCC:

Variable capacity compressor

VCR:

Vapor compression refrigeration

VCRAAC:

Vapor compression refrigerant, automotive air-conditioning

2LP:

Secondary loop system

h :

Refrigerant enthalpy, kJ/kg

p :

Pressure, bar

T :

Temperature, °C

V :

Air velocity, m/s

Subscripts

ai:

Air inlet

comp:

Compressor

cond:

Condenser

evap:

Evaporator

FCC:

Fixed capacity compressor

m :

Mean

VCC:

Variable capacity compressor

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support of the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Ministry of Education Malaysia, and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka in providing a platform for research activities in terms of funding (Project No. Q.J130000.2424.00G41).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    M. F. Sukri & M. Y. Senawi

  2. Efficient Energy and Thermal Management Research Group, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

    M. F. Sukri

  3. UTM-Ocean Thermal Energy Center (UTM-OTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    M. N. Musa

  4. Automotive Development Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    H. Nasution

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Sukri, M.F., Musa, M.N., Senawi, M.Y. et al. Achieving a better energy-efficient automotive air-conditioning system: a review of potential technologies and strategies for vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Energy Efficiency 8, 1201–1229 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9389-4

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