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Pressure and temperature control analysis of a high-rise building hot water heating system: a simulation study

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Abstract

An overall dynamic model for a high-rise building hot water heating (HWH) system was developed. This dynamic model was employed to analyze the characteristics of a HWH system and to simulate a pressure-temperature control (PTC) strategy. The dynamic responses of the water mass flow rate, pressure, temperature, and motor speed were studied. The simulation results show that the pressure control strategy is able to reduce the pressure fluctuations in the system and as well as interact positively with the thermal system in maintaining zone air temperatures at the chosen set points. The results also show that the use of pressure control strategy resulted in lower water mass flow rates in the system compared to the design mass flow rate.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

A d :

Perimeter of pipe section (m)

B :

Fraction factor (kg·m2/s)

c :

Specific heat (J/kg·°C)

C :

Thermal capacity (J/°C)

C f :

Friction coefficient

dx :

Length along the pipe (m)

D :

Diameter (m)

e:

East

e:

Error

F :

Friction force (Pa)

H :

Pump head (Pa)

HV :

Heat value (J/kg)

I :

Current (Amps)

k p :

Proportional gain

k i :

Integral gain

L :

Length of heater or pipe (m)

\( \overset{\cdot }{m} \) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

m :

Mass per unit length (kg/m)

M :

Matrix

N :

Speed (rpm)

n:

North

P :

Pressure of water (Pa)

q :

Rate of heat transfer per unit area (W/m2)

Q :

Rate of heat transfer (W)

R:

Ratio

s:

South

t :

Time (s)

T :

Temperature (°C)

u :

Control variable

U :

Enclosure heat loss rate (W/m °C)

V :

Velocity (m/s)

w:

West

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

ξ :

Friction coefficient

η :

Efficiency

λ :

Thermal conductivity (W/m °C)

b:

Boiler

d:

Design condition

e:

East

f:

Fuel

fit:

Fittings

i:

Internal or branch

in:

Input

int:

Internal heat sources

j:

Direction of zone

k:

Number of outside wall

l:

Hour

max:

Maximum

n (superscript):

Factor

n (subscript):

North

o:

Outside

out:

Output

pre:

Previous

r:

Return

rm:

Room

s:

Supply water or south

sf:

Surface

sp:

Set point

tot:

Total

v:

Control valve

w:

Water or west

z:

Zone

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Acknowledgments

Research grant for this project from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada

    Lianzhong Li & M. Zaheeruddin

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  1. Lianzhong Li
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  2. M. Zaheeruddin
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Correspondence to M. Zaheeruddin.

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Li, L., Zaheeruddin, M. Pressure and temperature control analysis of a high-rise building hot water heating system: a simulation study. Energy Efficiency 8, 773–789 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-014-9321-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-014-9321-3

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