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Study of the wind-induced effects on various roof angles of a mono-slope canopy roof using wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics

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Abstract

Mono-slope Canopy Roofs (MCRs) are prevalent in several locations, such as parking garages, shelters, bus terminals, restaurants, and agricultural facilities. The design of such structures is often tedious due to the lack of experimentation and literature available on wind codes. A detailed literature review observed that existing wind codes and standards give limited design recommendations for MCR. In contrast, this study examines the wind pressure distribution on MCR with varying roof slopes subjected to varying wind directions using wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. Experiments were performed to attain mean pressure distributions for roof slopes (0°, 15°, and 30°). Mutually coupled CFD simulations were performed for roof slopes ranging from 0° to 45° (@ 5° increments) and wind directions ranging from 0° to 180° (@ 30° increments) using the k-ε turbulence model. In terms of wind pressure coefficient, the CFD simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. It was observed that the flow pattern was significantly affected by the wind direction and roof slope of the MCR. The suction pressure was found to be critical on roof slopes (≤25°) under oblique wind directions (120° to 150°) due to the formation of conical vortices near the corner and side edges of the roof surface, however for MCR (≥25°) less suction pressure was observed. It is concluded that caution should be taken while considering the net pressure coefficient for designing low-sloped roofed structures, especially in windstorm-prone areas. The overall force coefficient and aerodynamic forces were found to be more prominent for higher roof slopes.

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Abbreviations

H :

Height (m)

MCR:

Mono-slope Canopy Roof

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

T. I:

Turbulence Intensity

\({C}_{P}\) :

Pressure coefficient

Uref :

Reference Velocity (m/s)

href :

Reference Height (m)

\({C}_{p n, i}\left(t\right)\) :

Net pressure coefficient

\({C}_{p u, i}\left(t\right)\) :

Upper surface pressure coefficient

\({C}_{p l, i}(t)\) :

Lower surface pressure coefficient

\({C}_{f}\) :

Force coefficient

\({C}_{d}\) :

Drag coefficient

\({C}_{l}\) :

Lift coefficient

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the technical staff of the boundary layer wind tunnel at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from MHRD (Ministry of human resources department) India.

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  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India

    Ajay Pratap & Neelam Rani

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Correspondence to Neelam Rani.

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Pratap, A., Rani, N. Study of the wind-induced effects on various roof angles of a mono-slope canopy roof using wind tunnel testing and computational fluid dynamics. Sādhanā 48, 167 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02199-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-023-02199-9

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