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Additive manufacturing of ceramics and cermets: present status and future perspectives

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Abstract

The present decade has witnessed a huge volume of research revolving around a number of Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, especially for the fabrication of different metallic materials. However, fabrication of ceramics and cermets using AM-based techniques mainly suffers from two primary limitations which are: (i) low density and (ii) poor mechanical properties of the final components. Although there has been a considerable volume of work on AM based techniques for manufacturing ceramic and cermet parts with enhanced densities and improved mechanical properties, however, there is limited understanding on the correlation of microstructure of AM-based ceramic and cermet components with the mechanical properties. The present article is aimed to review some of the most commonly used AM techniques for the fabrication of ceramics and cermets. This has been followed by a brief discussion on the microstructural developments during different AM-based techniques. In addition, an overview of the challenges and future perspectives, mainly associated with the necessity towards developing a systematic structure-property correlation in these materials has been provided based on three factors viz. the efficiency of different AM-based fabrication techniques (involved in ceramic and cermet research), an interdisciplinary research combining ceramic research with microstructural engineering and commercialisation of different AM techniques based on the authors’ viewpoints.

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Acknowledgement

MS would like to thank his undergraduate research supervisor Dr. MM, for his guidance and continuous support during the drafting of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India

    Mainak Saha & Manab Mallik

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India

    Mainak Saha

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  1. Mainak Saha
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Correspondence to Mainak Saha or Manab Mallik.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

3DGP:

3D Gel Printing

3DFD:

3D fibre deposition

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

AJP:

Aerosol jet printing

AM:

Additive manufacturing

AYZ:

Alumina-Yttria-Zirconia

BJ3DP:

Binder jet 3D printing

BSE:

Back scattered electron

CAD:

Computer-aided design

CAM:

Computer-aided manufacturing

CEM:

Composite-extrusion modeling

CLG:

Ceramic laser gelling

CLS:

Ceramic laser sintering

CIB:

Chemically induced bonding

CODE:

Ceramic-on demand extrusion

DED:

Directed energy deposition

DLD:

Direct laser deposition

DLF:

Direct laser fabrication

DMLS:

Direct metal laser sintering

EBM:

Electron beam melting

EBSD:

Electron Backscatter Diffraction

EBW:

Electron beam welding

EDS:

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy

EFF:

Extrusion free forming

EPD:

Electrophoretic deposition

FDC:

Fused deposition of ceramics

FDM:

Fused deposition modeling

FEF:

Freeze-form extrusion fabrication

FFF:

Fused Filament Fabrication

FFT:

Fast Fourier Transformation

FIB:

Focussed Ion Beam

GAP:

Gaolinia-alumina eutectic

GB:

Grain boundary

GBE:

Grain boundary engineering

HIP:

Hot isostatic pressing

HRTEM:

High-resolurion Transmission Electron Microsopy

IB:

Interphase boundary

IJP:

Inkjet printing

IPF:

Inverse pole figure

ITO:

Indium tin oxide

LAMP:

Large Area Maskless Photopolymerization

LCM:

Lithography based Ceramic Manufacturing

LDED:

Laser directed energy deposition

LEM:

Laminated Engineering Materials

LENS:

Laser engineered net shaping

LOM:

Laminated object manufacturing

LPS:

Liquid phase sintering

LSMO:

Lanthanum strontium manganite

MCZ:

Microstructural coarsening zone

MIM:

Metal injection molding

MJS:

Multiphase jet solidification

MMC:

Metal matrix composite

OR:

Orientation relationship

P-3DP:

Powder-based three-dimensional printing

PE:

Polyethylene

PIM:

Powder injection molding

PMN:

Lead magnesium niobate

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PZT:

Lead zirconium titanate

RO:

Alkaline oxide (R: Alkali)

S-3DP:

Slurry based three-dimensional printing

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SLA:

Stereolithography

SLM:

Selective laser melting

SLRS:

Selective laser reactive sintering

SLS:

Selective laser sintering

SSS:

Solid state sintering

TJ:

Triple junction

TKD:

Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction

UHTC:

Ultra high temperature ceramic

UHTCMC:

Ultra high temperature ceramic matrix composite

XRD:

X-ray Diffraction

YAG:

Yttrium Aluminium Garnet

YBCO:

Yttrium barium copper oxide

YSZ:

Yttria stabilised Zirconia

ZTA:

Zirconia (ZrO2) toughened alumina (Al2O3

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Saha, M., Mallik, M. Additive manufacturing of ceramics and cermets: present status and future perspectives. Sādhanā 46, 162 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-021-01685-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-021-01685-2

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