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Chemical characterisation of fine aerosols in a smart city on the east coast of India: Seasonal variability and its impact on visibility impairment

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Abstract

This study investigates the seasonal variation of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) over Bhubaneswar (20.3ºN, 85.827ºE), a smart city on the eastern coast of India. PM2.5 and PM10 ranged from 11.1 to 154.2 µg.m−3 and 20.4–273.8 µg.m−3, respectively. Carbonaceous (EC, OC, WSOC) species and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were also examined for PM2.5 samples. SO42− ion was found to be most prevalent among all the species accounting to ~24% of PM2.5 mass, followed by OC (~11%), NH4+ (10%), EC (5%), NO −3 (4%), Na+ (4%), K+ (3%), WSOC (3%), Cl− (2%). The relatively low mean OC/EC ratio (1.9±0.4) and WSOC/OC (0.25±0.1) suggest the dominance of fossil fuel emissions over the study site. Additionally, for the first time in the eastern region, the role of several chemical species in light extinction coefficient (bext) and visibility impairment is investigated using IMPROVE algorithm. The mean bext is 311.5±141.8 Mm−1 during the observation period, with a dominant contribution from (NH4)2SO4 followed by carbonaceous species (OM and EC). However, visibility levels sharply diminished by <9 km during winter than post-monsoon (<10 km), pre-monsoon (<19 km) and monsoon (<27 km) over Bhubaneswar.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr Imran Girach, Scientist, SPL, VSSC, for his insightful comments on the manuscript. The funding support from the ARFI and ATCTM network projects under the ISRO-GBP is greatly appreciated. SP is grateful to CSIR for the CSIR-SRF fellowship (CSIRAWARD/SRF-DIRECT2021/4309). The authors also thank two anomalous reviewers for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aerosol and Trace gases Laboratory, Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT), Bhubaneswar, 751 013, India

    Subhasmita Panda, Trupti Das & Boopathy Ramasamy

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India

    Subhasmita Panda, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Trupti Das & Boopathy Ramasamy

  3. Integrated Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Goa, India

    Srinivas Bikkina

  4. Environmental Sciences and Biomedical Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    Sudhir Kumar Sharma

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  1. Subhasmita Panda
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Contributions

Subhasmita Panda: Procedure, data analyses, original draft, editing and review. Srinivas Bikkina: Investigation, data analyses, editing and review. Sudhir Kumar Sharma: Data analyses and assessment. Trupti Das: Methodology, writing, investigation, editing and review, funding acquisition. Boopathy Ramasamy: Supervision, examination, evaluation and proofreading, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Boopathy Ramasamy.

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Communicated by Vijayakumar S Nair

Supplementary material pertaining to this article is available on the Journal of Earth System Science website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

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Panda, S., Bikkina, S., Sharma, S.K. et al. Chemical characterisation of fine aerosols in a smart city on the east coast of India: Seasonal variability and its impact on visibility impairment. J Earth Syst Sci 132, 30 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-02043-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-02043-4

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