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Origin of the Neoarchean granites from the southeastern margin of the Western Ghats greenstone belt, Dharwar Craton: Implications for crustal evolution in the Western Dharwar Craton

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Abstract

The field, crystal size distribution, mineral-chemistry and bulk-rock geochemical study on the felsic magmatic rocks (granite and associated rhyolites) of the Western Ghats belt, Dharwar Craton, has been presented for the first time in this contribution. These Neoarchean felsic magmatic rocks occur as massive plugs and lensoidal bands running for several meters to kilometres, with a general trend of NNW–SSE. These rocks are characterised by the ubiquitous presence of biotite and muscovite and are devoid of amphiboles. These rocks show evidence of textural coarsening but show no evidence of magma mixing or assimilation. The petrogenetic studies indicate that the partial melting of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) crust together with a considerable amount of Al-rich sediments has resulted in the peraluminous granitic melt source. This melt, subsequently, was mobilised to shallow crustal levels where it was emplaced along the axial planes of F1 folds before it was erupted on to the surface, giving rise to rhyolites. The similarities in the field, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics amongst ~2.61 Ga old felsic volcanic rocks of the different greenstone belts in the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) suggest that they were all derived from the partial melting of >3.1 Ga felsic crust with a minor input of metasedimentary units at mid-crustal levels. The felsic volcanic rocks show evidence of emplacement in the active plate boundary, the interior of WDC.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Ram Mohan and Dr Srinivasa Sarma of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad and Dr Sajeev Krishnan of Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, are thanked for extending analytical facilities. Miss G S Anupriya, Mr Sarath Kumar, Mr Saswat Subedit and Mr Prakash Jena were of great help during the fieldwork and sample preparation. Mr Jayant K Padhi is thanked for his help in the preparation of the manuscript. CKB acknowledges the financial support received from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, in the form of Early Career Research (ECR) Grant (ECR/2016/001449). The author is grateful to the Head, Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, for providing infrastructural facilities to carry out this study.

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  1. Ore Research and Exploration Group (ORE-G), Department of Geology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671 320, India

    Chandan Kumar Boraiaha

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Chandan Kumar Boraiaha: Field investigation, conceptualisation and visualisation, compilation of data, data interpretation, drafting of manuscript, reviewing, modelling, preparation of the figures and map.

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Correspondence to Chandan Kumar Boraiaha.

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Communicated by Rajneesh Bhutani

Corresponding editor: Rajneesh Bhutani

Supplementary material pertaining to this article is available on the Journal of Earth System Science website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

Supplementary Information

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12040_2022_1976_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary figure S1. SiO2 vs. major oxides binary plots. Supplementary figure S2. SiO2 vs. trace elements and select ratios binary plots. Supplementary figure S3(a). Incompatible trace element modelling of the studied granites and rhyolites. Mix* indicates the melt mixture containing 70–90% felsic and 10–30% sedimentary (Al-rich) derived melts (Jayananda et al. 1990, 2015). Supplementary figure 3(b). Incompatible trace element ratios modelling of the studied granites and rhyolites. Mix* indicates the melt mixture containing 70–90% felsic and 10–30% sedimentary (Al-rich) derived melts (Jayananda et al. 1990, 2015). Supplementary figure S4. Primitive mantle normalized multi-element patterns (normalizing values after Sun and McDonough 1989). (PDF 677 KB)

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Boraiaha, C.K. Origin of the Neoarchean granites from the southeastern margin of the Western Ghats greenstone belt, Dharwar Craton: Implications for crustal evolution in the Western Dharwar Craton. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 240 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-01976-0

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