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Multistage evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle of northwestern Deccan volcanic province, India: Constraints from the ultramafic xenoliths in alkali magma

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Abstract

We report multistage geochemical evolution of off-cratonic subcontinental lithospheric mantle by studying mantle xenoliths hosted in alkali basalts from the northwestern part of the Deccan volcanic province in Kutch. The xenolithic fragments are peridotites, composed of Cr-rich diopside, Mg-rich olivine, orthopyroxene and aluminous spinel. Compositionally, these peridotites belong to type I: Cr-diopside lherzolite group. Primarily they possess protogranular texture, but, secondary textures such as reaction corona are also present. High forsterite content of primary olivine (Fo89–92), high Mg# (>92) in orthopyroxene along with low Cr# (0.09–0.35) and TiO2 content (up to 1.12 wt.%) in spinel indicate their upper mantle origin. Higher values of AlVI/AlIV (0.99–2.4) of primary clinopyroxenes provide evidence for their high-pressure upper mantle origin, consistent with their high Mg#. Clinopyroxene displays light rare-earth element- and mid-rare-earth element-enriched pattern along with pronounced negative spike for Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf. They record multiple metasomatic imprints; high Ti/Eu (>1500) ratio attests silicate metasomatism whereas negative high-field-strength element anomalies indicate a carbonate metasomatism. Olivine-spinel mantle array trend suggests low degrees of partial melting and melt extraction (1–15 wt.%). The primary mineralogy of peridotite xenoliths affirms that they have been equilibrated at a temperature and pressure range of 786–1159°C and 8–23 kb, respectively. They record high mantle heat flow between 62 and 66 mW m−2, may be interpreted as a consequence of thermal perturbation by additional heat input into a relatively thin mantle lithosphere via upcoming magma(s) due to upwelling of Réunion plume beneath western part of the Indian subcontinent. Summarising we conclude that the lithospheric mantle beneath western India suffered a complex multistage evolutionary history followed by rifting at the end of the Mesozoic era.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express sincere thanks to the guest editors for their invitation to contribute to this special volume. This study is part of the doctoral research (PhD) programme of the first author, supported by the University of Calcutta Research Fellowship. The fieldwork was partly funded with UGC-DRS grant, Phase-II, 2013–2018, Government of India. The authors thankfully acknowledge the anonymous reviewer for his insightful comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. Support received from Dr Debojit Talukdar at different stages of preparation of this manuscript is thankfully acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. Soumi Chattopadhaya

    Present address: Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India

  2. Debaditya Bandyopadhyay

    Present address: Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700 019, India

    Soumi Chattopadhaya, Biswajit Ghosh, Debaditya Bandyopadhyay, Manojit Koley, Archisman Dhar & Sankhadeep Roy

  2. Department of Geology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734 013, India

    Debaditya Bandyopadhyay

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  1. Soumi Chattopadhaya
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Contributions

SC and BG conceptualised the problem. First three authors carried out the fieldwork. SC wrote the draft manuscript. SC and BG collected and interpreted data. SC and DB drafted figures. SC, MK, AD and SR attended the revision. All authors read and finalised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Biswajit Ghosh.

Additional information

Communicated by N V Chalapathi Rao

This article is part of the Topical Collection: Deccan Traps and other Flood Basalt Provinces – Recent Research Trends.

Supplementary materials pertaining to this article are available on the Journal of Earth System Science website (http://www.ias.ac.in/Journals/Journal_of_Earth_System_Science).

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Chattopadhaya, S., Ghosh, B., Bandyopadhyay, D. et al. Multistage evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle of northwestern Deccan volcanic province, India: Constraints from the ultramafic xenoliths in alkali magma. J Earth Syst Sci 131, 53 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-021-01793-x

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