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Nature and evolution of the Late Cretaceous lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt: constraints from peridotite xenoliths

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Abstract

The nature and evolution of the Late Mesozoic lithospheric mantle of the South China Block (SCB) and the influence of subduction of the (paleo-) Pacific plate on it are still highly controversial. A volcanic pipe containing plentiful peridotite xenoliths was newly identified in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt of the SCB, which provides us with the possibility to solve the above-mentioned disputes. The host olivine basalts yield a whole-rock K–Ar age of 73 Ma, thus indicating Late Cretaceous magmatic activity. The peridotite xenoliths are all spinel lherzolites, with Mg# in olivine ranging from 87.6 to 89.0, Al2O3 in ortho- and clinopyroxene ranging, respectively, from 3.93 wt% to 4.97 wt% and from 5.30 wt% to 7.00 wt%, and Cr# in spinel ranging from 10.3 to 13.7, all of which are characteristics of a fertile lithospheric mantle. The clinopyroxenes from the peridotite xenoliths show light/heavy rare earth element (L/HREE) fractionation (i.e. (La/Yb)N = 1.69–3.91), which is different from the LREE-depleted patterns of Middle-Late Jurassic peridotite xenoliths. Besides, the 87Sr/86Sr(t) and εNd(t) values of clinopyroxene vary from 0.7044 to 0.7052 and from 0.6 to 2.8, respectively, which corresponds to a very weakly depleted mantle source. Collectively, the mineral chemistry of peridotite xenoliths and the trace elemental and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of clinopyroxene both suggest that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt underwent a low degree of partial melting (i.e. 1%–3% batch melting or 2%–3% fractional melting), followed by silicate melt metasomatism, the metasomatic agent being derived from a subducted oceanic plate. Combined with previous studies on peridotite xenoliths of different ages, we outline a complete Phanerozoic lithospheric mantle evolution of the SCB and propose that the subduction of the (paleo-) Pacific plate contributed both material and energy to the modification of the lithospheric mantle since the Cretaceous (and possibly until the Eocene).

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Fig. 1

modified from Zhang et al. 2020). JS-PY fault zone: Jiangshan-Shaoxing and Pingxiang-Yushan fault zone, NY-JH fault zone: Ningyuan-Jianghua fault zone

Fig. 2

modified from the 1:250,000 geological map of the No. 332 geological team)

Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

modified from Norman (1998). Numbers along the modeling curves represent degrees of partial melting. Also shown are the values for clinopyroxenes from Paleozoic, Middle-Late Jurassic, and Cenozoic peridotite xenoliths. Data sources are the same as in Fig. 4

Fig. 8

modified from Zong and Liu (2018) and Coltorti et al. (1999), respectively. Data sources for clinopyroxenes from Paleozoic, Middle-Late Jurassic, and Cenozoic peridotite xenoliths are the same as in Fig. 4

Fig. 9

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Juan Wang from the School of Resources and Environmental Engineering of Hefei University of Technology for her guidance on the electron microprobe analysis. Thanks to Jia Chang and an anonymous reviewer for their careful language polishing and valuable comments, and to editor Hans Keppler for his insightful suggestions and editorial handling. This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers: 41672052 and 42030801).

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  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Si-Nuo Wang & Jun Yan

  2. No. 332 Geological Team of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province, Huangshan, 245000, China

    De-En Wang & Sheng-Fa Xu

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  1. Si-Nuo Wang
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Wang, SN., Yan, J., Wang, DE. et al. Nature and evolution of the Late Cretaceous lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt: constraints from peridotite xenoliths. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01895-9

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