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Assessment of vulnerability zones for ground water pollution using GIS-DRASTIC-EC model: A field-based approach

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Abstract

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is an essential pre-requisite for better planning of an area. We present the groundwater vulnerability assessment in parts of the Yamuna Nagar District, Haryana State, India in an area of about \(800 \hbox { km}^{2}\), considered to be a freshwater zone in the foothills of the Siwalik Hill Ranges. Such areas in the Lower Himalayas form good groundwater recharge zones, and should always be free from contamination. But, the administration has been trying to promote industrialization along these foothill zones without actually assessing the environmental consequences such activities may invite in the future. GIS-DRASTIC model has been used with field based data inputs for studying the vulnerability assessment. But, we find that inclusion electrical conductivity (EC) as a model parameter makes it more robust. Therefore, we rename it as GIS-DRASTIC-EC model. The model identifies three vulnerability zones such as low, moderate and high with an areal extent of 5%, 80% and 15%, respectively. On the basis of major chemical parameters alone, the groundwater in the foothill zones apparently looks safe, but analysis with the help of GIS-DRASTIC-EC model gives a better perspective of the groundwater quality in terms of identifying the vulnerable areas.

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Acknowledgements

We express sincere gratitude to Mr K B Biswas, Chairman, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) for granting permission to publish this paper. Assistance received from Mrs. B P Singh and Mr. Rishi Raj from CGWB, North Western Region, Chandigarh for chemical analysis of ground water samples is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to colleague Dr Fakhre Alam for some of his useful suggestions. Thanks are due to Dr P Ganapathi Rao for his help in the textural analysis of soil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Ground Water Board, North Western Region, Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, Chandigarh, India

    D Anantha Rao, Pradeep K Naik & Sunil K Jain

  2. Geosciences Group, National Remote Sensing Centre, Balanagar, Hyderabad, India

    K Vinod Kumar

  3. Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    E N Dhanamjaya Rao

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  1. D Anantha Rao
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  2. Pradeep K Naik
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  3. Sunil K Jain
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  4. K Vinod Kumar
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  5. E N Dhanamjaya Rao
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Correspondence to D Anantha Rao.

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Corresponding editor: N V Chalapathi Rao

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Anantha Rao, D., Naik, P.K., Jain, S.K. et al. Assessment of vulnerability zones for ground water pollution using GIS-DRASTIC-EC model: A field-based approach. J Earth Syst Sci 127, 49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-018-0944-1

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