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Identification and characterization of tsunami deposits off southeast coast of India from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Rock magnetic and geochemical approach

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Abstract

The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (IOT) had a major impact on the geomorphology and sedimentology of the east coast of India. Estimation of the magnitude of the tsunami from its deposits is a challenging topic to be developed in studies on tsunami hazard assessment. Two core sediments (C1 and C2) from Nagapattinam, southeast coast of India were subjected to textural, mineral, geochemical and rock-magnetic measurements. In both cores, three zones (zone I, II and III) have been distinguished based on mineralogical, geochemical and magnetic data. Zone II is featured by peculiar rock-magnetic, textural, mineralogical and geochemical signatures in both sediment cores that we interpret to correspond to the 2004 IOT deposit. Textural, mineralogical, geochemical and rock-magnetic investigations showed that the tsunami deposit is featured by relative enrichment in sand, quartz, feldspar, carbonate, SiO 2, TiO 2, K 2O and CaO and by a depletion in clay and iron oxides. These results point to a dilution of reworked ferromagnetic particles into a huge volume of paramagnetic materials, similar to what has been described in other nearshore tsunami deposits (Font et al. 2010). Correlation analysis elucidated the relationships among the textural, mineral, geochemical and magnetic parameters, and suggests that most of the quartz-rich coarse sediments have been transported offshore by the tsunami wave. These results agreed well with the previously published numerical model of tsunami induced sediment transport off southeast coast of India and can be used for future comparative studies on tsunami deposits.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India project MoES/11-MRDF/1/13/P/07. The authors are thankful to the Director, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu and Director, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, for providing all the facilities. This paper is greatly benefited from the constructive reviews and valuable suggestions of Dr Eric Font and Associate Editor Dr Pawan Dewangan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR – National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    S Veerasingam

  2. Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    S Veerasingam

  3. Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India

    R Venkatachalapathy

  4. Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai, 410 218, India

    N Basavaiah & K Deenadayalan

  5. Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

    T Ramkumar

  6. Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608737, South Korea

    S Venkatramanan

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Veerasingam, S., Venkatachalapathy, R., Basavaiah, N. et al. Identification and characterization of tsunami deposits off southeast coast of India from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Rock magnetic and geochemical approach. J Earth Syst Sci 123, 905–921 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-014-0427-y

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