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Alterations in gut bacterial and fungal microbiomes are associated with bacterial Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the human eye

Journal of Biosciences volume 43, pages 835–856 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Dysbiosis, or imbalance in the gut microbiome, has been implicated in auto-immune, inflammatory, neurological diseases as well as in cancers. More recently it has also been shown to be associated with ocular diseases. In the present study, the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with bacterial Keratitis, an inflammatory eye disease which significantly contributes to corneal blindness, was investigated. Bacterial and fungal gut microbiomes were analysed using fecal samples of healthy controls (HC, n = 21) and bacterial Keratitis patients (BK, n = 19). An increase in abundance of several anti-inflammatory organisms including Dialister, Megasphaera, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus and Mitsuokella and members of Firmicutes, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae was observed in HC compared to BK patients in the bacterial microbiome. In the fungal microbiome, a decrease in the abundance of Mortierella, Rhizopus, Kluyveromyces, Embellisia and Haematonectria and an increase in the abundance of pathogenic fungi Aspergillus and Malassezia were observed in BK patients compared to HC. In addition, heatmaps, PCoA plots and inferred functional profiles also indicated significant variations between the HC and BK microbiomes, which strongly suggest dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of BK patients. This is the first study demonstrating the association of gut microbiome with the pathophysiology of BK and thus supports the gut–eye axis hypothesis. Considering that Keratitis affects about 1 million people annually across the globe, the data could be the basis for developing alternate strategies for treatment like use of probiotics or fecal transplantation to restore the healthy microbiome as a treatment protocol for Keratitis.

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  1. These authors have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500 034, India

    Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha, Sama Kalyana Chakravarthy, Gumpili Sai Prashanthi, Savitri Sharma & Sisinthy Shivaji

  2. Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy campus, Hyderabad, 500 034, India

    Prashant Garg & Somasheila I Murthy

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  1. Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha
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Jayasudha, R., Kalyana Chakravarthy, S., Sai Prashanthi, G. et al. Alterations in gut bacterial and fungal microbiomes are associated with bacterial Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the human eye. J Biosci 43, 835–856 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-018-9798-6

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Keywords

  • Bacterial Keratitis
  • dysbiosis
  • gut bacterial microbiome
  • gut fungal microbiome