Abstract
Accurate detection and precise timing of transient events such as X-ray photons, \(\gamma \)-ray burst, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), ground-level enhancements (GLEs) and Forbush decreases (FDs) frequently raise issues that remain on the cutting edge of research in astrophysics. In an attempt to automate FD event selection, a combination of Fast Fourier transform as well as FD detection algorithms implemented in the statistical computing software R was developed and recently used to calculate the magnitude and FD event timing. The R-FD code implemented in the present study includes several different calculations. Some subroutines detect both small and large transient intensity reductions (minima/pits) as well as increases (maxima/peaks) in cosmic ray (CR) data. Others calculate event amplitude, timing and cataloguing of the events identified. As the current work focuses on reductions in CR flux (FDs), the subroutine that identifies increases was disabled. Totals of 229 FDs at Magadan neutron monitor (NM), 230 (Oulu NM) and 224 (Inuvick NM) were identified with daily averaged data, while 4032 (Magadan), 4144 (Oulu) and 4055 (Inuvick) were detected with hourly averages. FDs identified as simultaneous at the three stations totaled 99 for the daily and 261 for the hourly CR averages respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abunin A., Abunina M., Belov A., et al. 2013, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 409, 1
Barnden L. R. 1973, Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., 2, 1277
Barouch E., Burlaga L. F. 1975, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 449
Barrantes M., Valdes-Galicia J. F., Musalem O., et al. 2018, Geofisica Internacional, 57, 253
Bartels J. 1935, J. Geophys. Res., 40, 1
Belov A. V. 2008, Proceedings IAU Symposium, 257, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743921309029676
Belov A., Abunin A., Abunina M., et al. 2015, Solar Phys., 290, 1429
Belov A., Eronshenko E., et al. 2018a, Solar Phys., 293, 68
Belov A. V., Eroshenko E. A., Yanke V. G., et al. 2018b, Geomagn. Aeron., 58, 356
Cane H. V., Richardson, I. G., von Rosenvinge T. T. 1993, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13,295
Cane H. V., Richardson, I. G., von Rosenvinge T. T. 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21561
Cane H. V. 2000, Space Sci. Rev., 93, 55
Dorman L., Velinov P., Tomava D., Alexander M., Mateev L. 2018, Fourteenth International Scientific Conference, Space, Ecology, Safety,
Dumbovic M., Vrsnak B., Calogovic J., Karlica M. 2011, Astron. Astrophys., 531, 1
El-Borie M. A., Abdel-halim A. A., El-Monier S. Y., Bishara A. A. 2016, Solar Phys., 291, 3817
Forbush S. E. 1937, Phys. Rev., 51, 1108
Gujarati D. N. 2004, Basic Econometric (4th Ed.), The McGraw-Hill, New York
Harrison R., Ambaum M. 2010, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 72, 1408
Harrison R. G., Ambaum M. H. P., Lockwood M. 2011, Proc. R. Soc. A., 467, 2777
Jordan A. P., Spence H. E., Blake J. B., Shaul D. N. A. 2011, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A11103
Killick R., Eckley I. A. 2014, J. Stat. Softw., 58, 1
Kristjansson J. E., Stjern C., Stordal F., et al. 2008a, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 8, 13265
Kristjansson J. E., Stjern C., Stordal F., et al.. 2008b, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 8, 13265
Laken B. A., Kniveton D., Wolfendale A. 2011, J. Geophys. Res., 116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014900
Lamy P. L., Floyd O., Boclet B., et al. 2019, Space Sci. Rev., 215, 1
Lee S., Oh S., Yu Y. 2013, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 118, 608
Lee S., Oh S., Yu Y., et al. 2015, J. Astron. Space Sci., 32, 33
Light C., Bindi V., Consolandi C., et al. 2020, Astrophys. J., 133, 896
Lockwood J. A. 1971, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 658
Lockwood J. A. 1990, Solar Geophys. Data, 154
Melkumyan A. A., Belov A. V., Abunina M. A., et al. 2018, Geomagn. Aeron., 58, 154
Oh S., Yi Y., Kim H. Y. 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012333
Oh S., Yi Y. 2009, J. Geophys. Res. 114, A11102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014190
Okike O., Collier A. B. 2011, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 73, 796
Okike O. 2019a, Astrophys. J., 882, 1
Okike O. 2019b, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 124, 1
Okike O., Umahi A. E. 2019a, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 189, 35
Okike O., Umahi A. E. 2019b, Solar Phys., 294, 16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-019-1405-y
Okike O. 2020a, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 211, 1364
Okike O. 2020b, Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc., 491, 3793
Okike O., Nwuzor O. C. 2020a, Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc., 493, 1948
Okike O., Nwuzor O. C. 2020b, Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc., 493, 1948
Okike O. 2021, Astrophys. J., 915, 60
Okike O., Alhassan J. A. 2021, Solar Phys., 296, 112
Okike O., Alhassan J. A., Iyida E. U., Chukwude A. E. 2021a, Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc., 503, 5675
Okike O., Nwuzor O. C., Odo F. C., et al. 2021b, Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc., 502, 300
Papaioannou A., Malandraki O., Belov A., et al. 2010, Solar Phys., 266, 181
Papaioannou A., Belov A., Abunina M., et al. 2019, Solar Phys., 294, 66
Pomerantz M. A., Duggal P. S. 1971, Space Sci. Rev., 12, 75
Ramirez O. O. U., Galicia J. F. V., Munoz G., Huttunen E. 2013, 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro
Ruffolo D., Saiz A. M. P. S., Kamyan N., et al. 2016, Astrophys. J., 817, 38
Scargle J. D. 1998, Astrophys. J., 504, 405
Scargle J. D., Norris J. P., Jackson B., Chiang J. 2013, Astrophys. J., 764, 167
Shea M. A., Smart D. F. 2000, Space Sci. Rev., 93, 1
Svensmark H., Bondo T., Kniveton D. R. 2009a, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 10575
Svensmark H., Bondo T., Svensmark J. 2009b, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038429
Svensmark J., Enghoff M. B., Svensmark H. 2012, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 3595
Svensmark J., Enghoff M. B., Shaviv N. J., Svensmark H. 2016, J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys., 121, 8152
Team, R Core 2014, A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, http://www.R-project.org
Tinsley B. A., Deen G. W. 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22283
Usoskin I. G., Kovaltsov G. A., Mironova I. A., Tylka A. J., Dietrich W. F. 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1979
Way M. J., Gazis P. R., Scargle J. D. 2011, Astrophys. J., 727, 48
Worple H., Schwope A. D. 2015, Astron. Astrophys., 578, A80
Yashiro S., Michalek G., Gopalswamy 2008, Ann. Geophys., 26, 3103
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the team that hosts the website http://cr0.izmiran.rssi.ru/ and https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/ow data.html from where we obtained the data for this work at no cost. Of special note are the non-commercial R software developers and the members of the R-mailing list (R-help@r-project.org) whom the authors are sincerely indebted. Thanks are all due to the anonymous reviewer whose recommendation improved the paper. The author would like to acknowledge Jim Lemon for his expertise both in proofreading, editing and data analysis. Finally, JAA wishes to appreciate the leadership of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Lab group, University of Nigeria, Nsukka for sound academic leadership.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
ALHASSAN, J.A., OKIKE, O. & CHUKWUDE, A.E. Testing the simultaneity of Forbush decreases with algorithm-selected Forbush event catalogue. J Astrophys Astron 43, 6 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-021-09790-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-021-09790-8