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Oxidative Stress and Migraine

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Abstract

The pathogenesis of migraine is not completely understood, but inflammation and oxidative stress seem to be involved, according to data from an experimental model of the disease. This narrative review summarizes data from studies on oxidative stress markers in migraine patients, case–control association studies on the possible association of candidate genes related to oxidative stress with the risk for migraine, studies showing the presence of oxidative stress in experimental models of migraine, and studies on the efficacy of antioxidant drugs in migraine therapy. Many studies have addressed the value of concentrations of prooxidant and antioxidant substances or the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different tissues (mainly in serum/plasma or in blood cells) as possible biomarkers for migraine, being thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances (TBARS) such as malonyl dialdehyde acid (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal, and nitric oxide (this at least during migraine attacks in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) the most reliable. In addition, the possible usefulness of antioxidant treatment is not well established, although preliminary short-term studies suggest a beneficial action of some of them such as Coenzyme Q10 and riboflavin. Both topics require further prospective, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up period involving a large number of migraine patients and controls.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the the authors upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The work at the authors’ laboratory is supported in part by Grants PI18/00540 and PI21/01683 from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and IB20134 and GR21073 from Junta de Extremadura, Mérida, Spain. Partially funded with FEDER funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Ronda del Sur 10, 28500, Madrid, Spain

    Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez, Hortensia Alonso-Navarro & Silvina Espada-Rubio

  2. Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain

    Elena García-Martín & José A. G. Agúndez

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  1. Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
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Contributions

Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing–review and editing, project administration; Hortensia Alonso-Navarro: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing, project administration; Elena García-Martín: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing, project administration, obtaining funding. Silvina Espada-Rubio: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing, project administration. José A.G. Agúndez: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing–original draft, writing–review and editing, project administration, obtaining funding. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez.

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Jiménez-Jiménez, F.J., Alonso-Navarro, H., García-Martín, E. et al. Oxidative Stress and Migraine. Mol Neurobiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-024-04114-7

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