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Th17/IL-17 Axis in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Insights into the Immunity During HAMTSP

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Abstract

Human T lymphotropic virus–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HTLV/TSP), also known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are chronic debilitating diseases of the central nervous system; although the etiology of which is different, similarities have been observed between these two demyelinating diseases, especially in clinical manifestation and immunopathogenesis. Exorbitant response of the immune system to the virus and neurons in CNS is the causative agent of HAM/TSP and MS, respectively. Helper T lymphocyte-17 cells (Th17s), a component of the immune system, which have a proven role in immunity and autoimmunity, mediate protection against bacterial/fungal infections. The role of these cells has been reviewed in several CNS diseases. A pivotal role for Th17s is presented in demyelination, even more axial than Th1s, during MS. The effect of Th17s is not well determined in HTLV-1-associated infections; however, the evidence that we have supplied in this review illustrates the attendance, also the role of Th17 cells during HAM/TSP. Furthermore, for better conception concerning the trace of these cells in HAM/TSP, a comparative characterization with MS, the resembling disease, has been applied here.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammadreza Shafiei

  2. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani

  3. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani

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  1. Mohammadreza Shafiei
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MS performed data collection, prepared the figures (by Adobe Illustrator and Microsoft PowerPoint), and was the major contributor to writing the manuscript. S-HM conceptualized the review article, critically revised the manuscript, had a minor contribution to writing, and provided oversight and verification of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Shafiei, M., Mozhgani, SH. Th17/IL-17 Axis in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Insights into the Immunity During HAMTSP. Mol Neurobiol 60, 3839–3854 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03303-0

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