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Soybean Meal Extract Preserves Memory Ability by Increasing Presynaptic Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Rats

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Abstract

Age-related degenerative brain diseases frequently manifest as memory deficits. Dietary interventions or nutraceuticals may provide efficacious treatments through prevention and cure. Soybean meal, a byproduct of soy oil refining, has health benefits, but its effect on memory function is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the oral administration of soybean meal extract (SME) for 2 weeks on memory function using the Morris water maze (MWM) test in healthy rats and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms. First, analysis of the composition revealed that SME is rich in isoflavones; SME did not exhibit hepatotoxicity or renal toxicity at the different doses tested. The MWM results revealed that the escape latency and movement distance of rats were significantly shorter in the SME group than in the control group, indicating that SME can help in memory preservation. In addition, SME increased the levels of presynaptic proteins such as synaptophysin, synaptobrevin, synaptotagmin, syntaxin, synapsin I, and 25-kDa synaptosome-associated protein as well as protein kinases and their phosphorylated expression, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase C (PKC), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Transmission electron microscopy also indicated that SME increased the number of synaptic vesicles in hippocampal synaptosomes. Furthermore, SME rats exhibited altered microbiota composition compared with control rats. Therefore, our data suggest that SME can increase presynaptic function and modulate gut microbiota, thus aiding in memory preservation in rats.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was funded by grant MOST 109-2320-B-030-009 from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Taiwan, and grant TYAFGH-A-110004 from the Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital in Taiwan

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan

    Kun-Chieh Yeh, Chi-Feng Hung & Su-Jane Wang

  2. Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Kun-Chieh Yeh

  3. Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Kun-Chieh Yeh

  4. Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Hui-Ling Lee

  5. P.H.D. Program in Neutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

    Ting-Yang Hsieh

  6. Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan

    Su-Jane Wang

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Contributions

KCH, HLL, and TYH performed the experiments. CFH, HLL, and TYH analyzed the results and edited figures. SJW wrote preliminary draft of the manuscript. SJW and CFH designed experiments and revised the manuscript. All authors approved final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Su-Jane Wang.

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Yeh, KC., Hung, CF., Lee, HL. et al. Soybean Meal Extract Preserves Memory Ability by Increasing Presynaptic Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 59, 1649–1664 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-021-02669-3

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