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An observation of multiferroism in (1−x)BCZT–xNZFO-based 3-0 type composites

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Abstract

The development of multiferroic materials has opened up a plethora of possibilities for revolutionary futuristic magnetoelectric devices. The selection of an appropriate material for good multiferroic characteristics has always been a point of debate. Therefore, (1−x)Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3–xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 composites were thoroughly investigated in the this research work. The mixed phase of composites is revealed by powder X-ray diffraction, wherein NZFO and BCZT display the spinel phase and perovskite phase, respectively. Microstructural and elemental analyses show that the constituent phases of composites are distributed uniformly, with no evidence of impurity elements. The ferroelectric properties improved up to x = 0.3, after which lossy P–E loops were observed. The saturation magnetization rises from 7.358 to 38.916 emu g−1 with an increase in ferrite concentration because the NZFO phase serves as the magnetization centre in composites. An increase in NZFO content resulted in improved ferroelectric and magnetic characteristics of the composites, whereas the value of dielectric constant decreases. The presence of a magnetodielectric (M–D) property indicates magnetoelectric (M–E) coupling at room temperature. With an addition of 20% NZFO, the highest value of M–D was found to be 8.75% and γ = −2.3657 × 10−4 g2 emu−2. The M–E coupling in the present composites resulted in an induced M–E voltage that can be tuned with external dc magnetic field. The maximum value of αmax = 1.46 mV cm−1 Oe−1 is obtained for x = 0.3 composite at magnetic field of 100 Oe. Further, it has been found that due to its soft magnetic nature and low conductivity, NZFO is a potential candidate as magnetostrictive phase of perovskite/magnetostrictive-based composites. Also, the M–E coupling in prepared composites has been established as a product property having a direct association with dynamic magnetostriction of the ferrite phase.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India

    Mandeep Singh & Jaspal Singh

  2. Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

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  1. Mandeep Singh
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  2. Jaspal Singh
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  3. Sanjeev Kumar
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Correspondence to Jaspal Singh.

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Singh, M., Singh, J. & Kumar, S. An observation of multiferroism in (1−x)BCZT–xNZFO-based 3-0 type composites. Bull Mater Sci 46, 136 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-02972-w

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