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Structural and optical analyses of sol–gel synthesized hafnium-doped barium calcium titanate

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Abstract

Materials that integrate more than one useful property in single- and multi-phase structures are known as multifunctional materials. Most of them fall in the category of ABO3 perovskite type and in recent times, these materials have attracted considerable attention from engineers and scientists around the globe for electronic devices of the future. Among the perovskites, barium titanate-based structures have emerged at the top for modern research in advanced materials. In this study, polycrystalline Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti(1–x)HfxO3, x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, materials were synthesized by sol–gel combustion technique and their optical properties were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that, Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti(1–x)HfxO3 crystallized at 1000°C with tetragonal symmetry having P4mm space group. In addition to XRD, the presence of the tetragonal phase was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. The crystallite sizes computed using Scherrer equation were found to range from 15 to 18 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed a significant peak at 565 cm−1, confirming the formation of the metal oxide-based ceramics. Ultraviolet-Visible-near-IR spectroscopy of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti(1–x)HfxO3 showed a slight increase in bandgap energy with the increase of Hf4+. Photoluminescence spectra confirmed the composition of three colours (blue, green and red) with the intensity of emission increasing with Hf4+ doping.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Central Laboratory for Instrumentation and Facilitation (CLIF), University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India and Sophisticated test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC), Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India, for providing characterization facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, 629180, India

    Jude Fernandez & B Bindhu

  2. Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, 629180, India

    M Prabu

  3. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695547, India

    K Y Sandhya

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  1. Jude Fernandez
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  2. B Bindhu
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  3. M Prabu
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  4. K Y Sandhya
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Correspondence to B Bindhu.

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Fernandez, J., Bindhu, B., Prabu, M. et al. Structural and optical analyses of sol–gel synthesized hafnium-doped barium calcium titanate. Bull Mater Sci 45, 50 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02633-w

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