Abstract
Mechanism of ion transport in glasses continues to be incompletely understood. Several of the theoretical models in vogue fail to rationalize conductivity behaviour when d.c. and a.c. measurements are considered together. While they seem to involve the presence of at least two components in d.c. activation energy, experiments fail to reveal that feature. Further, only minor importance is given to the influence of structure of the glass on the ionic conductivity behaviour. In this paper, we have examined several general aspects of ion transport taking the example of ionically conducting glasses in pseudo binary, yNa2B4O7·(1−y) M a O b (with y = 0·25–0·79 and M a O b = PbO, TeO2 and Bi2O3) system of glasses which have also been recently characterized. Ion transport in them has been studied in detail. We have proposed that non-bridging oxygen (NBO) participation is crucial to the understanding of the observed conductivity behaviour. NBO–BO switching is projected as the first important step in ion transport and alkali ion jump is a subsequent event with a characteristically lower barrier which is, therefore, not observed in any study. All important observations in d.c. and a.c. transport in glasses are found consistent with this model.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Assiri M S, Tashtoush N M, Ragab H S and El-Desoky M M 2008 Phys. Status Solidi (a) 205 1540
Almond D P, West A R and Grant R J 1982 Solid State Commun. 44 1277
Almond D P, Duncan G K and West A R 1983 Solid State Ionics 8 159
Almond D P, Hunter C C and West A R 1984 J. Mater. Sci. 19 3236
Altaf M, Chaudhary M A and Siddiqi S A 2001 Mater. Chem. Phys. 71 28
Anderson O L and Stuart D A 1954 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 37 573
Angell C A 1990 Chem. Rev. 90 523
Angell C A, Pollard L and Strauss W 1965 J. Chem. Phys. 43 2899
Bartholomew R F 1973 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 12 321
Barton J L 1966 Verres Refract. 20 328
Charles R J 1966 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 49 55
Chen R, Yang R, Durand B, Pradel A and Ribes M 1992 Solid State Ionics 53–56 1194
Chryssikos G D, Liu L, Varsamis C P and Kamitsos E I 1998 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 235–237 761
De Marchi G, Mazzoldi P and Miotello A 1988 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 104 211
Doremus R H 1973 Glass science (New York: Wiley)
Dyre J C 1985 Phys. Lett. A108 457
Dyre J C 1986 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 88 271
Dyre J C and Schroder T B 2000 Rev. Mod. Phys. 72 873
Dyre J C, Maass P, Roling B and Sidebottom D L 2009 Rep. Prog. Phys. 72 046501
Elliott S R 1988 Solid State Ionics 27 131
Exarhos G J and Risen W M Jr. 1972 Solid State Commun. 11 755
Funke K 1993 Prog. Solid State Chem. 22 111
Galy J and Meunier G J 1975 Solid State Chem. 13 142
Gandhi P R, Deshpande V K and Singh K 1989 Solid State Ionics 36 97
Gao Y and Cramer C 2005 Solid State Ionics 176 921
Hakim R M and Uhlmann D R 1971 Phys. Chem. Glasses 12 132
Han Y H, Kreidl N J and Day D E 1979 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 30 241
Harish Bhat M, Munia Ganguli and Rao K J 2004a Curr. Sci. 86 676
Harish Bhat M, Kandavel M, Munia Ganguly and Rao K J 2004b Bull. Mater. Sci. 27 189
Hughes K and Isard J O 1972 in Physics of electrolytes (ed.) J H Hladik (New York: Academic Press) Vol. 1, p. 351
Hunter C C and Ingram M D 1984 Solid State Ionics 14 34
Imre A W, Voss S, Berkemeir F, Mehrer H, Konidakis I and Ingram M D 2006 Solid State Ionics 177 963
Isard J O 1959 J. Soc. Glass Technol. 53 113T
Macdonald J R 1983 Impedance spectroscopy emphasizing solid materials and systems (New York: John Wiley and Sons)
Macedo P B, Moynihan C T and Bose R 1972 Phys. Chem. Glasses 13 171
Martin S W and Angell C A 1986 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 83 185
Mazurin O V 1965 in The structure of glass (New York: Consultants Bureau), Vol. 4, p. 7
Mazurin O V and Borisovskii E S 1957 Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys. 2 243
Murugaraj R 2007 J. Mater. Sci. 42 10065
Muthupari S and Rao K J 1994 Chem. Phys. Letts 223 133
Muthupari S, Lakshmi Raghavan S and Rao K J 1996 J. Phys. Chem. 100 4243
Nakajima T 1972 in Annual report, Conference on electric insulation and dielectric phenomena (Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences) p. 168
Namikawa H 1975 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 18 173
Pan A and Ghosh A 1999a Phys. Rev. B59 899
Pan A and Ghosh A 1999b Phys. Rev. B60 3224
Rao K J 1987 Rev. Solid State Sci. 1 55
Rao K J 2002 Structural chemistry of glasses (Elsevier)
Rao K J and Parthasarathy R 1985 Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.) 94 201
Rao K J and Elliott S R 1994 Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Chem. Sci.) 106 903
Rao K J and Harish Bhat M 2001 Phys. Chem. Glasses 42 255
Rao K J and Sundeep Kumar 2003 Curr. Sci. 85 945
Rao K J, Estournes C, Levasseur A, Shastry M C R and Menetrier M 1993 Philos. Mag. B67 389
Ravaine D, Diard J P and Souquet J L 1975 J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. II 71 1935
Ravine D 1985 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 73 287
Ravine D and Souquet J L 1977 Phys. Chem. Glasses 18 27
Ravine D and Souquet J L 1978 in Solid electrolytes (eds) P Hagenmuller and W Van Gool (New York: Academic Press) p. 277
Roling B, Martiny C and Murugavel S 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 085901
Sidebottom D L, Roling B and Funke K 2001 Phys. Rev. B63 024301
Sobha K C and Rao K J 1995 Solid State Ionics 81 145
Souquet J L, Duclot M and Levy M 1998 Solid State Ionics 105 237
Stevels J M 1957 Handbuch der Physik (Berlin: Springer) Vol. 20, p. 350
Sundeep Kumar and Rao K J 2004a Chem. Phys. Letts 387 91
Sundeep Kumar and Rao K J 2004b Solid State Ionics 170 191
Sundeep Kumar, Vinatier P, Levasseur A and Rao K J 2004 J. Solid State Chem. 177 1723
Terai R 1969 Phys. Chem. Glasses 10 147
Tomozawa M 1977 in Treatise on materials science and technology (ed) M Tomozawa (New York: Academic Press) Vol. 12, p. 283
Veeranna Gowda V C and Anavekar R V 2005 Solid State Ionics 176 1393
Veeranna Gowda V C, Narayana Reddy C, Radha K C, Anavekar R V, Etourneau J and Rao K J 2007 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353 1150
Acknowledgements
One of the authors (KJR) is thankful to DST for the award of a Ramanna Fellowship (Sr).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
GOWDA, V.C.V., REDDY, C.N. & RAO, K.J. A new approach for understanding ion transport in glasses; example of complex alkali diborate glasses containing lead, bismuth and tellurium oxides. Bull Mater Sci 36, 71–85 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-013-0418-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-013-0418-7