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The Relationship Between the Cross-Linker on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Properties of Immobilized Papain

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Abstract

The immobilized enzymes' properties can be affected by cross-linkers on the surface of supports. To study how cross-linkers alter enzymes function, chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) with immobilized papain were prepared using glutaraldehyde and or genipin, and then, the properties of the nanoparticles and the immobilized enzymes were assessed. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed that the CMNPs were prepared and papain molecules were immobilized on CMNPs by glutaraldehyde (CMNP-Glu-Papain) or by genipin (CMNP-Gen-Papain). Also, the results associated with enzymes activity indicated that the immobilization by glutaraldehyde and genipin increased the pH optimum of papain from 7 to 7.5 and 9, respectively. The kinetic results indicated that the immobilization by genipin slightly affects the enzyme affinity to the substrate. The stability results showed that CMNP-Gen-Papain has more thermal stability than CMNP-Glu-Papain and papain immobilization on CMNPs by genipin leads to stabilization of the enzyme in the presence of polar solvents, probably due to the more hydroxyl groups on CMNPs activated by genipin. In conclusion, this study suggests that there is a relationship between the types of cross-linker on the surface of supports, and the mechanism of action, kinetic parameters, and the stability of immobilized papain.

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Abbreviations

CMNP:

Chitosan-coated Magnetic Nanoparticle

CMNP-Glu:

CMNP activated by glutaraldehyde

CMNP-Gen:

CMNP activated by genipin

CMNP-Glu-Papain:

CMNP with immobilized papain using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker

CMNP-Gen-Papain:

CMNP with immobilized papain using genipin as cross-linker

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared

MNP:

Magnetic Nanoparticle

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the research council of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University for the financial support during the course of this project.

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

    Samaneh Mostaraddi, Mohammad Pazhang, Mostafa Ebadi-Nahari & Saeed Najavand

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  1. Samaneh Mostaraddi
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Mostaraddi, S., Pazhang, M., Ebadi-Nahari, M. et al. The Relationship Between the Cross-Linker on Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and the Properties of Immobilized Papain. Mol Biotechnol 65, 1809–1823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-023-00687-1

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