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Biochemical Characterization of Heat-Tolerant Recombinant l-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 Strain with Feasible Applications in d-Tagatose Production

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Abstract

d-Tagatose is a ketohexose, which presents unique properties as a low-calorie functional sweetener possessing a sweet flavor profile similar to d-sucrose and having no aftertaste. Considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FAO/WHO, d-tagatose can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other optically active compounds as well as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports important features for l-arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (L-AI) use in industry. We describe arabinose (araA) gene virulence analysis, gene isolation, sequencing, cloning, and heterologous overexpression of L-AI from the food-grade GRAS bacterium Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 in Escherichia coli and assess biochemical properties of this recombinant enzyme. Recombinant L-AI (rL-AI) was one-step purified to homogeneity by Ni2+-agarose resin affinity chromatography and biochemical characterization revealed low identity with both thermophilic and mesophilic L-AIs but high degree of conservation in residues involved in substrate recognition. Optimal conditions for rL-AI activity were 50 °C, pH 5.5, and 0.3 mM Mn2+, exhibiting a low cofactor concentration requirement and an acidic optimum pH. Half-life at 45 °C and 50 °C were 1427 h and 11 h, respectively, and 21.5 h and 39.5 h at pH 4.5 and 5.6, respectively, showing the high stability of the enzyme in the presence of a metallic cofactor. Bioconversion yield for d-tagatose biosynthesis was 45% at 50 °C after 48 h. These properties highlight the technological potential of E. faecium rL-AI as biocatalyst for d-tagatose production.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially sponsored with funds of the Projects CAI + D 2016 50420150100051 LI (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina), PIP 2015–2017 No. 11220150100606CO (CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina), PICT-201-0249 (Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina). Also, the authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Brazilian research agencies CAPES, CNPq (407363/2013-0) and FUNCAP (Project Number PRONEX PR2-0101-00012.01.00/15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Colectora RN 168 Km 472 “Paraje El Pozo” S/N, (S3000GLN), Santa Fe, Argentina

    Ricardo Martín Manzo & Enrique José Mammarella

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK

    André Saraiva Leão Marcelo Antunes

  3. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Picí, Bloco 709, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Jocélia de Sousa Mendes & Luciana Rocha Barros Gonҫalves

  4. Departamento de Biología, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Picí, Bloco 909, Fortaleza, CE, CEP 60440-900, Brazil

    Denise Cavalcante Hissa

  5. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, UNL, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Ricardo Martín Manzo & Enrique José Mammarella

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  5. Luciana Rocha Barros Gonҫalves
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  6. Enrique José Mammarella
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Manzo, R.M., Antunes, A.S.L.M., de Sousa Mendes, J. et al. Biochemical Characterization of Heat-Tolerant Recombinant l-Arabinose Isomerase from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 Strain with Feasible Applications in d-Tagatose Production. Mol Biotechnol 61, 385–399 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-019-00161-x

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