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The Challenge to Search for New Nervous System Disease Biomarker Candidates: the Opportunity to Use the Proteogenomics Approach

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, prion diseases, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis are the most common nervous system diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. The current scientific literature associates these pathological conditions to abnormal expression levels of certain proteins, which in turn improved the knowledge concerning normal and affected brains. However, there is no available cure or preventive therapy for any of these disorders. Proteogenomics is a recent approach defined as the data integration of both nucleotide high-throughput sequencing and protein mass spectrometry technologies. In the last years, proteogenomics studies in distinct diseases have emerged as a strategy for the identification of uncharacterized proteoforms, which are all the different protein forms derived from a single gene. For many of these diseases, at least one protein used as biomarker presents more than one proteoform, which fosters the analysis of publicly available data focusing proteoforms. Given this context, we describe the most important biomarkers for each neurodegenerative disease and how genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics separately contributed to unveil them. Finally, we present a selection of proteogenomics studies in which the combination of nucleotide and proteome high-throughput data, from cell lines or brain tissue samples, is used to uncover proteoforms not previously described. We believe that this new approach may improve our knowledge about nervous system diseases and brain function and an opportunity to identify new biomarker candidates.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

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  1. Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Thais Guimarães Martins Nery, Esdras Matheus Silva & Fabio Passetti

  2. Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil

    Thais Guimarães Martins Nery, Esdras Matheus Silva & Fabio Passetti

  3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Raphael Tavares

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  1. Thais Guimarães Martins Nery
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Correspondence to Fabio Passetti.

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Nery, T.G.M., Silva, E.M., Tavares, R. et al. The Challenge to Search for New Nervous System Disease Biomarker Candidates: the Opportunity to Use the Proteogenomics Approach. J Mol Neurosci 67, 150–164 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-018-1220-1

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