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Growth-Associated Protein 43 and Tensor-Based Morphometry Indices in Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Abstract

Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is found in the axonal terminal of neurons in the limbic system, which is affected in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We assumed GAP-43 may contribute to AD progression and serve as a biomarker. So, in a two-year follow-up study, we assessed GAP-43 changes and whether they are correlated with tensor-based morphometry (TBM) findings in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included MCI and cognitively normal (CN) people with available baseline and follow-up cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GAP-43 and TBM findings from the ADNI database. We assessed the difference between the two groups and correlations in each group at each time point. CSF GAP-43 and TBM measures were similar in the two study groups in all time points, except for the accelerated anatomical region of interest (ROI) of CN subjects that were significantly greater than those of MCI. The only significant correlations with GAP-43 observed were those inverse correlations with accelerated and non-accelerated anatomical ROI in MCI subjects at baseline. Plus, all TBM metrics decreased significantly in all study groups during the follow-up in contrast to CSF GAP-43 levels. Our study revealed significant associations between CSF GAP-43 levels and TBM indices among people of the AD spectrum.

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Data Availability

The data used and generated in this work, including downloaded datasets from ADNI and SPSS generated results are available upon request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Mahsa Mayeli for her technical and intellectual support.

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Author notes

  1. Amirhossein Salmannezhad, Hamidreza Ashayeri and Ali Shushtari contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Homa Seyedmirzaei

  2. Student Research Committee, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, Iran

    Amirhossein Salmannezhad

  3. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hamidreza Ashayeri

  4. Faculty of Medicine , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Ali Shushtari

  5. Faculty of Economics and Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    Bita Farazinia

  6. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mohammad Mahdi Heidari

  7. School of Chemical engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Amirali Momayezi

  8. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Shaki Baher

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  1. Homa Seyedmirzaei
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Contributions

H.S, A.Sh, A.Sa, and H.A participated in data cleaning and full analysis. H.S also supervised the whole work process. A.Sa, H.A and A.Sh wrote the initial manuscript text, and participated in data cleaning and preparation of tables. B.F and M.M.H participated in data acquisition and cleaning. A.M and S.S.B participated in preparing the final version of manuscript. A.Sh revised the final version of manuscript, provided Figure 2 and Table 4.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Shushtari.

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Seyedmirzaei, H., Salmannezhad, A., Ashayeri, H. et al. Growth-Associated Protein 43 and Tensor-Based Morphometry Indices in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Neuroinform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-024-09663-9

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