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The efficiency of stem cell differentiation into functional beta cells for treating insulin-requiring diabetes: Recent advances and current challenges

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Abstract

In recent years, the potential of stem cells (SCs) to differentiate into various types of cells, including β-cells, has led to a significant boost in development. The efficiency of this differentiation process and the functionality of the cells post-transplantation are crucial factors for the success of stem cell therapy in diabetes. Herein, this article reviews the current advances and challenges faced by stem cell differentiation into functional β-cells for diabetes treatment. In vitro, researchers have sought to enhance the differentiation efficiency of functional β-cells by mimicking the normal pancreatic development process, using gene manipulation, pharmacological and culture conditions stimulation, three-dimensional (3D) and organoid culture, or sorting for functional β-cells based on mature islet cell markers. Furthermore, in vivo studies have also looked at suitable transplantation sites, the enhancement of the transplantation microenvironment, immune modulation, and vascular function reconstruction to improve the survival rate of functional β-cells, thereby enhancing the treatment of diabetes. Despite these advancements, developing stem cells to produce functional β-cells for efficacious diabetes treatment is a continuous research endeavor requiring significant multidisciplinary collaboration, for the stem-cell-derived beta cells to evolve into an effective cellular therapy.

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Abbreviations

SCs:

stem cells

IPCs:

insulin-producing cells

ES:

embryonic stem cells

NT-ESs:

nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells

CB-SC:

cord blood stem cells

UCBMSCs:

Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells

hAFSCs:

human amniotic fluid stem cells

ASCs:

adipose tissue-derived stem cells

ICAs:

islet-like cell aggregates

MDSPCs:

Muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells

iPSCs:

induced pluripotent stem cells

hAECs:

human amniotic epithelial cells

hESC:

human embryonic stem cell

hMSCs:

human marrow stromal cells

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

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Funding

This review was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (82160162, 81760150) and the key project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20202ACBL206008).

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  1. Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China

    Yunfei Luo, Peng Yu & Jianping Liu

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Y.F.L. wrote the manuscript, P.Y. and J.P.L. supervised all stages of manuscript development. All authors have approved the final article.

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Luo, Y., Yu, P. & Liu, J. The efficiency of stem cell differentiation into functional beta cells for treating insulin-requiring diabetes: Recent advances and current challenges. Endocrine (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-03855-8

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