Abstract
Riedel’s thyroiditis is a rare inflammatory-sclerosing thyroid disease, and its aetiology remains unknown. After a surgical biopsy to establish the diagnosis, the treatment of Riedel’s thyroiditis is still challenging in most patients. The aim of this article is to report seven patients with Riedel’s thyroiditis seen in a department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases over a period of 24 years, and based on the patient’s data and the review of the literature to discuss the indications of surgery, glucocorticoids, tamoxifen and immunosuppressive drugs in the personalized treatment of patients with Riedel’s thyroiditis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I.D. Hay, Thyroiditis: a clinical update. Mayo Clin. Proc. 60(1), 61–63 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65287-2
J.V. Hennessey, Clinical review: Riedel’s thyroiditis: a clinical review. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(10), 3031–3041 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-0617
H. Falhammar, C. Juhlin, C. Barner, S.B. Catrina, C. Karefylakis, J. Calissendorff, Riedel’s thyroiditis: clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes. Endocrine 60(1), 185–192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-018-1526-3
A. Zala, T. Berhane, C.C. Juhlin, J. Calissendorff, H. Falhammar, Riedel thyroiditis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105(9), dgaa468 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa468
A.A. Shafi, N.B. Saad, B. AlHarthi, Riedel’s thyroiditis as a diagnostic dilemma - a case report and review of the literature. Ann. Med. Surg. 52, 5–9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.02.006
R. Pandev, M. Khan, V. Ratheesh, Riedel’s thyroiditis: pitfalls in diagnosis and subsequent complications. Case Rep. Endocrinol. 2023, 9989953 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9989953
M.M. Fatourechi, I.D. Hay, B. McIver, T.J. Sebo, V. Fatourechi, Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel thyroiditis): the Mayo Clinic experience, 1976-2008. Thyroid 21(7), 765–772 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0453
J.C. Lo, K.C. Loh, A.L. Rubin, I. Cha, F.S. Greenspan, Riedel’s thyroiditis presenting with hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism: dramatic response to glucocorticoid and thyroxine therapy. Clin. Endocrinol. 48(6), 815–818 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00449.x
A. Gökçay Canpolat, M. Cinel, S. Dizbay Sak, I. Taşkaldıran, H. Korkmaz, Ö. Demir, R. Ersoy, S. Dağdelen, D. Berker, K. Dalva, A.B. Bahçecioğlu Mutlu, M.F. Erdoğan, Long-term outcomes of tamoxifen citrate therapy and histo- and immunopathological properties in Riedel thyroiditis. Eur. Thyroid J. 10(3), 248–256 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1159/000512017
S. Fontaine, F. Gaches, L. Lamant, M. Uzan, A. Bennet, P. Caron, An unusual form of Riedel’s thyroiditis: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 15(1), 85–88 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2005.15.85
A. Dupret-Bories, P. Caron, I. Rouquette, B. Vairel, S. Vergez, Fatal neck necrotizing cellulitis in a patient with Riedel’s thyroiditis. Thyroid 23(7), 904–905 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2012.0569
P. Majety, J.V. Hennessey, Acute and Subacute, and Riedel’s Thyroiditis. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. (MDText.com, Inc., South Dartmouth (MA), 2022)
A. Torres-Montaner, M. Beltrán, A. Romero de la Osa, H. Oliva, Sarcoma of the thyroid region mimicking Riedel’s thyroiditis. J. Clin. Pathol. 54(7), 570–572 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.7.570
A. Ozgen, A. Cila, Riedel’s thyroiditis in multifocal fibrosclerosis: CT and MR imaging findings. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 320–321 (2000)
M. Dahlgren, A. Khosroshahi, G.P. Nielsen, V. Deshpande, J.H. Stone, Riedel’s thyroiditis and multifocal fibrosclerosis are part of the IgG4-related systemic disease spectrum. Arthritis Care Res. 62(9), 1312–1318 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20215
A. Czarnywojtek, K. Pietrończyk, L.D.R. Thompson, A. Triantafyllou, E. Florek, N. Sawicka-Gutaj, M. Ruchała, M.T. Płazinska, I.J. Nixon, A.R. Shaha, M. Zafereo, G.W. Randolph, P. Angelos, A. Al Ghuzlan, A. Agaimy, A. Ferlito, IgG4-related sclerosing thyroiditis (Riedel-Struma): a review of clinicopathological features and management. Virchows Arch. 483(2), 133–144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-023-03561-2
K. Takeshima, H. Inaba, H. Ariyasu, Y. Furukawa, A. Doi, M. Nishi, M. Hirokawa, A. Yoshida, R. Imai, T. Akamizu, Clinicopathological features of Riedel’s thyroiditis associated with IgG4-related disease in Japan. Endocr. J. 62(8), 725–731 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-0175
O. Drieskens, D. Blockmans, A. Van den Bruel, L. Mortelmans, Riedel’s thyroiditis and retroperitoneal fibrosis in multifocal fibrosclerosis, positron emission tomographic findings. Clin. Nucl. Med. 27(6), 413–415 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1097/00003072-200206000-00005
P. Kotilainen, L. Airas, T. Kojo, T. Kurki, K. Kataja, H. Minn, P. Nuutila, Positron emission tomography as an aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of Riedel’s thyroiditis. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 15(3), 186–189 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2004.03.002
R. Slman, H. Monpeyssen, S. Desarnaud, J. Haroche, L.P. Fediaevsky, M. Fabrice, D. Seret-Begue, Z. Amoura, A. Aurengo, L. Leenhardt, Ultrasound, elastography, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in Riedel’s thyroiditis: report of two cases. Thyroid 21(7), 799–804 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2010.0242
R. Mansberg, R. Bency, L. Shen, C. Bui, K. Park, Riedel’s thyroiditis with intense FDG uptake demonstrated on FDG PET/CT. Mol. Imaging Radionucl. Ther. 24(1), 29–31 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4274/mirt.98598
D. Kottahachchi, D.J. Topliss, Immunoglobulin G4-related thyroid diseases. Eur. Thyroid J. 5(4), 231–239 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1159/000452623
K. Pritchyk, K. Newkirk, P. Garlich, Z. Deeb, Tamoxifen therapy for Riedel’s thyroiditis. Laryngoscope 114(10), 1758–1760 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200410000-00015
S.B. Soh, A. Pham, R.E. O’Hehir, M. Cherk, D.J. Topliss, Novel use of rituximab in a case of Riedel’s thyroiditis refractory to glucocorticoids and tamoxifen. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98(9), 3543–3549 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-4050
L. Hunt, B. Harrison, M. Bull, T. Stephenson, A. Allahabadia, Rituximab: a novel treatment for refractory Riedel’s thyroiditis. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metabol Case Rep. 2018, 17–0132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1530/EDM-17-0132
S.V. Mammen, M.B. Gordon, Successful use of rituximab in a case of Riedel thyroiditis resistant to treatment with prednisone and tamoxifen. AACE Clin. Case Rep. 5(3), e218–e221 (2019). https://doi.org/10.4158/ACCR-2018-0352
J.M. Levy, C.P. Hasney, P.L. Friedlander, E. Kandil, E.A. Occhipinti, M.J. Kahn, Combined mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone therapy in tamoxifen- and prednisone-resistant Reidel’s thyroiditis. Thyroid 20(1), 105–107 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2009.0324
A. Lawless, A. Papachristos, B. Robinson, S. Sidhu, T. Eade, Refractory Riedel’s thyroiditis managed with low dose radiotherapy. Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother. 27(3), 591–592 (2022). https://doi.org/10.5603/RPOR.a2022.0033
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Philippe Caron has written the entire article.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Caron, P. Riedel’s thyroiditis: report of 7 patients and review of literature. Endocrine (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-03853-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-03853-w