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The impact of physical activity, quality of life and eating habits on cardiometabolic profile and adipokines in youth with T1D

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Abstract

Purpose

Individuals with Type-1-Diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk of having premature cardiovascular-disease (CVD). Physical activity and healthy lifestyle are major components in the prevention of diabetes’ related comorbidities and complications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity, eating habits and quality of life in children and adolescents with T1D on diabetic control, cardiovascular and biochemical profile, infection indices, and adipokine levels.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 80 participants (36 boys/44 girls) with T1D, aged (mean ± SD) 14.9 ± 3.4 years, who attended the Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic of a University Children’s Hospital, using anthropometric studies, lipid profile, high-sensitivity-C-Reactive-Protein(hs-CRP), Interleukin-6(IL6), leptin and adiponectin levels. Physical activity was assessed with pedometers (total-steps/week) and questionnaire.

Results

In 20(25%) children the level of exercise was >75th percentile, in 20(25%) <25th percentile and in 40(50%) children ranged between 25–75th percentile, respectively. Higher levels of physical activity were associated with weight (beta = −0.053, p < 0.001), waist circumference (beta = −0.077, p < 0.001), BMI (beta = −0.167, p = 0.009), muscle mass (beta = −0.0619, p = 0.001) and HDL-C (beta = 0.039, p = 0.033). Quality of life was positively related to weight (beta = 5.49511, p = 0.002), waist circumference (beta = 6.593345, p = 0.012), muscle mass (beta = 7.324088, p < 0.001) and T1D duration (beta = 19.22442, p = 0.005). Lipid profile was positively associated with sweets and chocolate consumption (beta = 0.348, p < 0.05), while vegetable (beta = −0.245, p < 0.05) and white milk consumption (beta = −0.2295, p < 0.05) were negatively associated with waist/height ratio.

Conclusions

In the present study, higher levels of physical activity were associated with improved lipid profile (HDL-C, triglycerides) and body composition [waist circumference, Body-Mass-Index (BMI] of children and adolescents with T1D. Higher scoring in quality-of-life questionnaires were related to older children with longer diabetes duration. Unhealthy eating habits unfavorably affected lipid profile and body composition in T1D youth.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the majority of the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Raw data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This study received a scholarship from the “Hellenic Endocrine Society” in August 2020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “P&A Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Maria Kaza, Spyridon Karanasios, Irine- Ikbale Sakou, George Paltoglou & Kyriaki Karavanaki

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes Mellitus, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon”, 18454, Piraeus, Greece

    Charalampos Tsentidis

  3. Department of Endocrinology Growth and Development, “P&A Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou

  4. Endocrine Unit, “Aretaieion” Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece

    George Mastorakos

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Contributions

Data curation were performed by M.K., S.K., I.-I.S., and G.P.; formal analysis by C.T., investigation by M.K., writing—review and editing by M.K., E.V., G.M., and K.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Maria Kaza.

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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the “P&A Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece, protocol number: 12919, date of approval: 24 July 2019.

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Kaza, M., Tsentidis, C., Vlachopapadopoulou, E. et al. The impact of physical activity, quality of life and eating habits on cardiometabolic profile and adipokines in youth with T1D. Endocrine 80, 541–551 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03370-2

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