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γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases

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Abstract

Gamma–delta (γδ) T cells play an essential role in allergic diseases and have emerged as a potential treatment target in recent decades. To clarify the effects of γδ T cells on atopic illnesses, we reviewed the literature on the physical roles and functions of various subsets of γδ T cells, including type 1 T helper (Th1)-like, type 2 T helper- (Th2)-like, and type 17 T helper (Th17)-like γδ T cells. Mouse Vγ1 T cells increase interleukin (IL)-4 levels and trigger B cell class switching and immunoglobulin E production. Meanwhile, mouse Vγ4 T cells and human CD8lowVδ1 T cells secrete interferon-γ and exert an anti-allergy effect similar to that of Th1 cells. Moreover, mouse Vγ6 T cells produce IL-17A, while Th17-like γδ T cells enhance neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration in the acute phase of inflammation, but exert anti-inflammatory effects in the chronic phase. Human Vγ9δ2 T cells may exhibit Th1- or Th2-like characteristics in response to certain types of stimulation. In addition, the microbiota can modulate epithelial γδ T cell survival through aryl hydrocarbon receptors; these γδ T cells play crucial roles in the repair of epithelial damage, antibacterial protection, antigen tolerance, and effects of dysbiosis on allergic diseases.

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan

    Uei-Hsiang Hsu

  2. Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

    Bor-Luen Chiang

  3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Bor-Luen Chiang

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Hsu, UH., Chiang, BL. γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 65, 172–182 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-023-08966-0

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