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Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Ground to Microgravity Environment

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Abstract

The increasing number of astronauts entering microgravity environments for long-term space missions has resulted in serious health problems, including accidental injury and trauma. Skin, as the largest organ and outermost layer of the human body, has the ability to self-renew and withstand a variety of harmful biological and environmental influences. Recent spaceflight experiments and simulated studies have begun to concern the effects of microgravity on the growth of skin cells and the process of cutaneous wound healing. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of microgravity on skin cells and potential intervention measures are still limited. Stem cells and their exosomes provide unique opportunities for the cutaneous wound healing as they have been used to improve skin repair. This review discusses the effects of microgravity on wound healing, from cell morphological changes to molecular level alterations. Furthermore, the current research on wound healing treatment utilizing stem cells and their exosomes on the ground is summarized. Finally, this review proposes promising therapeutic strategies using stem cells or exosomes for wound healing in the microgravity environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank to all the members from Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction of the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences for their discussion. The graphical abstracts were created with BioRender software (BioRen-der.com).

Funding

This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0719303), the Open Project Fund of the Logistics Research Program (ZZBWS21J2001), Guangxi Key Research and Development Project (No. AB20117001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271284), and Guangxi science and technology bases and talent special project (No. AD17129062).

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  1. Wenya Zhang and Jinhua Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China

    Wenya Zhang, Jinhua Zhang & Yongxiang Zhao

  2. Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Wenya Zhang & Xiaohua Lei

  3. The College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China

    Jinhua Zhang

  4. Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yan Cui

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Conceptualization, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript, and validation, W.Z., J.Z., X.L.; visualization, editing, and supervision, W.Z., J.Z., Y.C., Y.Z., X.L.; funding acquisition, J.Z.,Y.C.,Y.Z., X.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Zhang, W., Zhang, J., Cui, Y. et al. Stem Cells and Exosome Applications for Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Ground to Microgravity Environment. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 19, 2094–2108 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-023-10571-9

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