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The Convergence of Cochlear Implantation with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy

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Abstract

According to 2010 estimates from The National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, approximately 17% (36 million) American adults have reported some degree of hearing loss. Currently, the only clinical treatment available for those with severe-to-profound hearing loss is a cochlear implant, which is designed to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in the absence of hair cells. Whilst the cochlear implant has been revolutionary in terms of providing hearing to the severe-to-profoundly deaf, there are variations in cochlear implant performance which may be related to the degree of degeneration of auditory neurons following hearing loss. Hence, numerous experimental studies have focused on enhancing the efficacy of cochlear implants by using neurotrophins to preserve the auditory neurons, and more recently, attempting to replace these dying cells with new neurons derived from stem cells. As a result, several groups are now investigating the potential for both embryonic and adult stem cells to replace the degenerating sensory elements in the deaf cochlea. Recent advances in our knowledge of stem cells and the development of induced pluripotency by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, have opened a new realm of science focused on the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for therapeutic purposes. This review will provide a broad overview of the potential benefits and challenges of using iPS cells in combination with a cochlear implant for the treatment of hearing loss, including differentiation of iPS cells into an auditory neural lineage and clinically relevant transplantation approaches.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their thanks to Dr Karina Needham and to the Reviewers, whose constructive feedback greatly improved this manuscript. We acknowledge generous financial support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, The Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and the Freidrich Ataxia Research Association (USA and Australasia).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Niliksha Gunewardene & Bryony A Nayagam

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Mirella Dottori

  3. Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Mirella Dottori & Bryony A Nayagam

  4. Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian, Eye and Ear Hospital, Level 2, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Australia

    Bryony A Nayagam

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  1. Niliksha Gunewardene
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  2. Mirella Dottori
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  3. Bryony A Nayagam
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Correspondence to Bryony A Nayagam.

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The manuscript has been prepared in accordance with the Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Guidelines for Authors, and we confirm that the manuscript poses no potential conflicts of interest.

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Gunewardene, N., Dottori, M. & Nayagam, B.A. The Convergence of Cochlear Implantation with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 8, 741–754 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-011-9320-0

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