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Assessment of the Effect of Surface Modification of Metal Oxides on Silver Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Potential Toxicity

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. Traditional fabrication methods for nanoparticles often involve high-energy physical conditions and the use of toxic solvents. Various green synthesis approaches have been developed to circumvent these issues and produce environmentally benign nanoparticles. Our study focuses on the green synthesis of AgNPs using L-ascorbic acid and explores the modification of their properties to enhance antibacterial and anticancer effects. This is achieved by coating the nanoparticles with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Silica oxide (SiO2), which alters their optical properties in the visible spectrum. The synthesized formulations—AgNPs, zinc oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@ZnO), and silica oxide-silver nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2) core/shell nanoparticles—were characterized using a suite of physicochemical techniques, including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential measurement, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Refractive Index Measurements, and Optical Anisotropy Assessment. TEM imaging revealed particle sizes of 11 nm for AgNPs, 8 nm for Ag@ZnO, and 400 nm for Ag@SiO2. The Zeta potential values for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 were measured at −17.0 ± 5 mV and −65.0 ± 8 mV, respectively. UV–Vis absorption spectra were recorded for all formulations in the 320 nm to 600 nm wavelength range. The refractive index of AgNPs at 404.7 nm was 1.34572, with slight shifts observed for Ag@ZnO and Ag@SiO2 to 1.34326 and 1.37378, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) was assessed using the MTT assay. The results indicated that AgNPs and Ag@ZnO exhibited potent therapeutic effects, with IC50 values of 494.00 µg/mL and 430.00 µg/mL, respectively, compared to 4247.20 µg/mL for Ag@SiO2. Additionally, the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs was significantly enhanced under visible light irradiation. Ag@ZnO demonstrated substantial antibacterial activity both with and without light exposure, while the Ag@SiO2 nanocomposites significantly reduced the inherent antibacterial activity of silver. Conversely, the Ag@ZnO nanocomposites displayed pronounced antibacterial and anticancer activities. The findings suggest that silver-based nanocomposites, particularly Ag@ZnO, could be practical tools in water treatment and the pharmaceutical industry due to their enhanced therapeutic properties.

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to acknowledge the research grant (Project ID: 34787) from the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), Egypt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Biophysics Department, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt

    Ahmed Soltan Monem, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, Ayaat Mahmoud Mosleh & Mohamed Mahmoud Fathy

  2. Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt

    Eman Mohamed Salama

  3. Faculty of Science, Chemistry-Microbiology Department, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt

    Mostafa Mohamed Ahmed

  4. Faculty of Science, Chemistry-Zoology Department, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt

    Esraa Ahmed Abu El Qassem Mahmoud & Bsma Hassan Nour

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  1. Ahmed Soltan Monem
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Contributions

Ahmed Soltan Monem and Heba Mohamed Fahmy conceived of the presented idea. Mohamed Mahmoud Fathy conceived and planned the experiments. Ayaat Mahmoud Mosleh, Eman Mohamed Salama, and Mostafa Mohamed Ahmed conducted the experiments. Esraa Ahmed Abu El Qassem Mahmoud and Bsma Hassan Nour contributed to sample characterizations. Ahmed Soltan Monem, Heba Mohamed Fahmy, and Mohamed Mahmoud Fathy contributed to the interpretation of the results. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript; all data were generated in-house, and no paper mill was used.

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Correspondence to Heba Mohamed Fahmy.

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Monem, A.S., Fahmy, H.M., Mosleh, A.M. et al. Assessment of the Effect of Surface Modification of Metal Oxides on Silver Nanoparticles: Optical Properties and Potential Toxicity. Cell Biochem Biophys (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-024-01272-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-024-01272-2

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