Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Clinical Research of Serum VEGF, TGF-β1, and Endostatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and endostatin in non-small cell lung caner (NSCLC), and to explore their correlations with NSCLC. 80 NSCLC patients during January 2013 to June 2014 were selected. The expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, and endostatin before surgeries were detected, and compared with 40 healthy individuals and 40 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Serum VEGF, TGF-β1, and endostatin levels were (573.6 ± 25.4) pg/mL, (36.2 ± 10.5) ng/mL, and (20.3 ± 7.8) ng/mL, respectively, in NSCLC group, which were obviously higher than those in healthy individuals and patients with benign pulmonary diseases, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); there was no statistical difference of the VEGF, TGF-β1, and endostatin levels between the healthy individuals and patients with benign pulmonary diseases (p > 0.05), or among patients with different physiological characteristics such as gender, age, and smoking history in NSCLC group (p > 0.05). Serum VEGF, TGF-β1, and endostatin levels also showed no statistical difference among patients with different pathological characteristics such as histological types, with or without lymphatic metastasis (p > 0.05). However, the three indicators were significantly different among patients with different TNM stages, with or without distant metastasis and different cell differentiation degrees (p < 0.05). Serum VEGF and TGF-β1 were positively related (r = 0.479, p < 0.05), endostatin was negatively related to both VEGF and TGF-β1 (r = −0.392, −0.354, p < 0.05 in both comparisons). The expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, and endostatin significantly contributed to the poor cell differentiation in NSCLC. They had important effects on the occurrence, development, and metastasis of NSCLC, which could be applied as the indicators to predict the malignancy of NSCLC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang, E., et al. (2014). Roles of PI3K/Akt and c-Jun signaling pathways in human papillomavirus type 16 oncoprotein-induced HIF-1alpha, VEGF, and IL-8 expression and in vitro angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One, 9(7), e103440.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Xia, H., et al. (2014). Aquaporin 3 knockdown suppresses tumour growth and angiogenesis in experimental non-small cell lung cancer. Experimental Physiology, 99(7), 974–984.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cathcart, M. C., et al. (2014). Thromboxane synthase expression and correlation with VEGF and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1842(5), 747–755.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Liu, J., & Liu, Y. (2013). Influence of erbanxiao solution on inhibiting angiogenesis in stasis toxin stagnation of non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33(3), 303–306.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Li, X., et al. (2012). Barbigerone, an isoflavone, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and human non-small-cell lung cancer xenografts growth through VEGFR2 signaling pathways. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 70(3), 425–437.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Yoshimoto, A., et al. (2005). Characterization of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway in non-small cell lung cancer: A comparison with small cell lung cancer and correlation with angiogenesis, angiogenic factors and metastases. Oncology Reports, 13(6), 1049–1057.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, S. et al. (2014). The effect of Lfcin-B on non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells is mediated by inhibiting VEGF expression and inducing apoptosis. Archives of Pharmacal Research. doi:10.1007/s12272-014-0373-x.

  8. Jiang, H., Shao, W., & Zhao, W. (2014). VEGF-C in non-small cell lung cancer: meta-analysis. Clinica Chimica Acta, 427, 94–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Deacon, K., et al. (2012). Elevated SP-1 transcription factor expression and activity drives basal and hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(47), 39967–39981.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Yuan, A., et al. (2000). Quantification of VEGF mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay and a comparison with quantitative competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Laboratory Investigation, 80(11), 1671–1680.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fu, Z. Z., et al. (2014). Relationship of serum levels of VEGF and TGF-beta1 with radiosensitivity of elderly patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biology, 35(5), 4785–4789.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar, S., et al. (2011). Efficacy of plasma TGF-beta1 level in predicting therapeutic efficacy and prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Investigation, 29(3), 202–207.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao, L., et al. (2009). Elevation of plasma TGF-beta1 during radiation therapy predicts radiation-induced lung toxicity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A combined analysis from Beijing and Michigan. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 74(5), 1385–1390.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Naumnik, W. et al. (2014). Endostatin and cathepsin-V in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. doi:10.1007/5584_2014_26.

  15. Kantola, T., et al. (2014). Serum endostatin levels are elevated in colorectal cancer and correlate with invasion and systemic inflammatory markers. British Journal of Cancer, 111(8), 1605–1613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Carlsson, A. C., et al. (2013). Association between circulating endostatin, hypertension duration, and hypertensive target-organ damage. Hypertension, 62(6), 1146–1151.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Roszkowska, A. M., et al. (2013). Contact lens wearing and chronic cigarette smoking positively correlate with TGF-beta1 and VEGF tear levels and impaired corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy. Current Eye Research, 38(3), 335–341.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ferrari, G., et al. (2012). TGF-beta1 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by shifting VEGF activation of p38(MAPK) from the prosurvival p38beta to proapoptotic p38alpha. Molecular Cancer Research, 10(5), 605–614.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wedrychowicz, A., et al. (2011). Serum concentrations of VEGF and TGF-beta1 during exclusive enteral nutrition in IBD. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 53(2), 150–155.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Araujo, F. A., et al. (2010). Atorvastatin inhibits inflammatory angiogenesis in mice through down regulation of VEGF, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 64(1), 29–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ferrari, G., et al. (2009). Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) induces angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated apoptosis. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 219(2), 449–458.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, J. W., et al. (2013). Clinical implications of VEGF, TGF-beta1, and IL-1beta in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Research Treat, 45(4), 325–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hu, Y., et al. (2014). Imbalance between vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin correlates with the prognosis of operable non-small cell lung cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 40(9), 1136–1142.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li, Y. B., et al. (2013). Radiosensitization of breast cancer cells by TRAIL-endostatin-targeting gene therapy. Neoplasma, 60(6), 613–619.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chu, T. Q., et al. (2012). Can determination of circulating endothelial cells and serum caspase-cleaved CK18 predict for response and survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving endostatin and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy? a retrospective study. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 7(12), 1781–1789.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hefler, L., et al. (1999). Serum concentrations of endostatin in patients with vulvar cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 74(1), 151–152.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Suzuki, M., et al. (2002). Serum endostatin correlates with progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer, 35(1), 29–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Derynck, R., Akhurst, R. J., & Balmain, A. (2001). TGF-beta signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression. Nature Genetics, 29(2), 117–129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of interest

The authors have not declared any conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Shu-Guang Liu, Hui-Yong Wu & Jie Liu

  2. Departments of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Shuang-Hu Yuan

  3. Departments of Chemotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Cheng-Suo Huang

Authors
  1. Shu-Guang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuang-Hu Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui-Yong Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jie Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cheng-Suo Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cheng-Suo Huang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, SG., Yuan, SH., Wu, HY. et al. The Clinical Research of Serum VEGF, TGF-β1, and Endostatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 72, 165–169 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0431-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0431-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation