Abstract
Optimization of a methodology for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation into neural stem cells (NSCs) using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MSCs were extracted from umbilical cord blood from healthy, full-term, newborn infants and from the bone marrow of patients. CSF was taken from healthy adult volunteers and patients. Four groups investigated were: A (n = 8) cord blood MSC induced with healthy volunteer CSF (control group); B (n = 7): patient MSCs induced with health volunteer CSF; Group C (n = 12): patient MSCs induced with their own CSF; group D (n = 6): cord blood MSCs induced with patient CSF. Following induction, cell differentiation state was examined using microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. There were significantly more clinically applicable MSCs in Groups B and C than groups A and D (P < 0.05) and Group B had significantly more clinically applicable MSCs than group C (P < 0.05). The presence of NSCs was as with the MSCs. Group B had significantly more clinically applicable NSCs than all of the other groups. In addition, group B cells grew significantly faster than the other groups (P < 0.05). Upon CSF induction, MSCs differentiated into NSCs suitable for clinical treatment. The source of the MSCs and/or CSF influenced the number of NSCs produced and the NSC growth rate. Thus, the source of MSCs and CSF should be considered before initiating a stem cell clinical treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
22 September 2023
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-023-01174-9
References
Conti, L., Cattaneo, E., & Papadimou, E. (2008). Novel neural stem cell systems. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 8(2), 153–160.
Feng, C. (2008). Experimental study of mild hypothermia and neural stem cell transplantation for ischemic nerve dysfunction. Dalian: Dalian Medical University.
Hess, D. C., & Borlongan, C. V. (2008). Stem cells and neurological diseases. Cell Proliferation, 41(Suppl 1), 94–114.
Jackson, E. L., & Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2008). Characterization of adult neural stem cells and their relation to brain tumors. Cells Tissues Organs, 188(1–2), 212–224.
Jeong, S. W., Chu, K., Jung, K. H., Kim, S. U., Kim, M., & Roh, J. K. (2003). Human neural stem cell transplantation promotes functional recovery in rats with experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke: A Journal of Cerebral Circulation, 34(9), 2258–2263.
Jia, Y., Yang, Y. J., Zhou, Y., Song, Y. Z., Liu, L. X., Song, J. H., et al. (2002). The study of inducing rat bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate into neural cells by using Baicalin. Chinese Medical Journal, 82, 5.
Kang, X. Q., Zang, W. J., Bao, L. J., Li, D. L., Xu, X. L., & Yu, X. J. (2006). Differentiating characterization of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Cell Biology International, 30(7), 569–575.
Kogler, G., Sensken, S., Airey, J. A., Trapp, T., Muschen, M., Feldhahn, N., et al. (2004). A new human somatic stem cell from placental cord blood with intrinsic pluripotent differentiation potential. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 200(2), 123–135.
Kun, Z., & De-Qin, G. (2009). Treatment of cerebrovascular disease with stem cell transplantation and gene therapy. Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine, 32, 3.
Li-Dong, S. (2004). Inducing bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate into nerve cells for subsequent Parkinson’s disease treatment. Suzhou: Suzhou University.
Lim, J. Y., Park, S. I., Oh, J. H., Kim, S. M., Jeong, C. H., Jun, J. A., et al. (2008). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates the neural differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and survival of differentiated cells through MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling pathways. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 86(10), 2168–2178.
Low, C. B., Liou, Y. C., & Tang, B. L. (2008). Neural differentiation and potential use of stem cells from the human umbilical cord for central nervous system transplantation therapy. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 86(8), 1670–1679.
Okano, H. (2010). Neural stem cells and strategies for the regeneration of the central nervous system. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences, 86(4), 438–450.
Rivera, F. J., Sierralta, W. D., Minguell, J. J., & Aigner, L. (2006). Adult hippocampus derived soluble factors induce a neuronal-like phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells. Neuroscience Letters, 406(1–2), 49–54.
Shen, Y. X., Wang, P., & Shi, E. D. (2011). Culturing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro with cerebrospinal fluid. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 15, 5.
Tureyen, K., Vemuganti, R., Bowen, K. K., Sailor, K. A., & Dempsey, R. J. (2005). EGF and FGF-2 infusion increases post-ischemic neural progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rat brain. Neurosurgery, 57(6), 1254–1263. discussion 1254–1263.
Wang, P. (2009). The study of isolating and culturing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the influence of cerebrospinal fluid on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Suzhou: Soochow University.
Woodbury, D., Schwarz, E. J., Prockop, D. J., & Black, I. B. (2000). Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 61(4), 364–370.
Yang, H. Y., Gu, R., Wang, W. J., & Gao, Z. L. (2009). The cerebrospinal fluid promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells after transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Chinese Journal of Laboratory Diagnosis, 13(3), 300.
Ye, Y., Want, M. R., & Dai, R. F. (2009). Induction of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neural stem/progenitor cells using cerebrospinal fluid. International Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, 30, 5.
Ye, Y., Zeng, Y. M., Wan, M. R., & Lu, X. F. (2011). Induction of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into neural-like cells using cerebrospinal fluid. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 59(3), 179–184.
Yong-Zhou, S., Hui-Xian, C., Zhe, L., Xin-Sheng, L., Zheng-Xian, W., & Zheng-Liang, S. (2008). Effects of brain homogenate on the differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells following traumatic brain injury. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 12, 5.
Zeng, K. B., Wang, X. F., & Yan, Y. (2003). The effect in growth of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro of cerebrospinal fluid. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Neurology and Neurosurgery, 11, 4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Wei Ge and Chao Ren are Co-first author.
About this article
Cite this article
Ge, W., Ren, C., Duan, X. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neural Stem Cells Using Cerebrospinal Fluid. Cell Biochem Biophys 71, 449–455 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0222-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0222-z