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Trace Element Concentration in the Blood and Aqueous Humor of Subjects with Eye Cataract

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Abstract

Cataract, characterized by the opacification of the lens, is the leading cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment globally. The study aims to investigate the role of trace elements such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in the development and severity of cataract. Elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in blood and aqueous humor of 32 cataract cases and 27 controls living in the Latium region, Italy. The association between element concentration in blood and aqueous humor and cataract severity, gender, and age of subjects were also assessed. Results showed Cr levels significantly elevated in both blood and aqueous humor of cataract cases, with concentrations that increased with cataract severity. In addition, blood Pb levels were significantly higher in older cases and positively correlated with the age of cataract cases, while blood Co and Cu levels negatively correlated with cataract severity, suggesting changes in the levels of these elements. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the involvement of specific elements in cataract development and severity, and the findings highlighted important avenues for future research. Understanding the biological mechanism underlying element-induced cataract may contribute to preventing cataractogenesis and providing targeted interventions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Giovanni Forte & Beatrice Bocca

  2. Department of Sense Organs, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Edoardo Trovato Battagliola, Mariaelena Malvasi, Niccolò Ruberti, Pierluigi Daniele & Elena Pacella

  3. Study Center KOS, 00144, Rome, Italy

    Alberto Mantovani

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  1. Giovanni Forte
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  2. Edoardo Trovato Battagliola
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  3. Mariaelena Malvasi
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  4. Niccolò Ruberti
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  7. Beatrice Bocca
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Contributions

G.F. and B.B.: formal analysis, data curation, and writing of the original version.

E.P. and E.T.B.: conceptualization, sampling, and methodology.

M.M.: methodology and data curation.

N.R. and P.D.: sampling and data curation.

A.M.: review editing.

All authors have approved the manuscript and agreed with the order of authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elena Pacella.

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The study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of Rome (protocol number 1005/2021, approval date November 10, 2021).

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Forte, G., Battagliola, E.T., Malvasi, M. et al. Trace Element Concentration in the Blood and Aqueous Humor of Subjects with Eye Cataract. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04207-3

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