Abstract
Autophagy is commonly referred as self-eating and a complex cellular process that is involved in the digestion of protein and damaged organelles through a lysosome-dependent mechanism, and this mechanism is essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis. Selenium is a vital trace element that plays essential functions in antioxidant defense, redox state control, and range of particular metabolic processes. Selenium nanoparticles have become known as a promising agent for biomedical use, because of their high bioavailability, low toxicity, and degradability. However, and in recent years, they have attracted the interest of researchers in developing anticancer nano-drugs. Selenium nanoparticles can be used as a potential therapeutic agent or in combination with other agents to act as carriers for the development of new treatments. More intriguingly, selenium nanoparticles have been extensively shown to impact autophagy signaling, allowing selenium nanoparticles to be used as possible cancer treatment agents. This review explored the connections between selenium and autophagy, followed by developments and current advances of selenium nanoparticles for autophagy control in various clinical circumstances. Furthermore, this study examined the functions and possible processes of selenium nanoparticles in autophagy regulation, which may help us understand how selenium nanoparticles regulate autophagy for the potential cancer treatment.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The authors confirm that data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
References
Paskeh MDA, Entezari M, Clark C, Zabolian A, Ranjbar E, Farahani MV et al (2022) Targeted regulation of autophagy using nanoparticles: new insight into cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)-Mol Basis Dis 1868(3):166326
Wu H, Chen S, Ammar A-B, Xu J, Wu Q, Pan K et al (2015) Crosstalk between macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy: implications for the treatment of neurological diseases. Mol Neurobiol 52:1284–1296
Vistro WA, Zhang Y, Bai X, Yang P, Huang Y, Qu W et al (2019) In vivo autophagy up-regulation of small intestine enterocytes in Chinese soft-shelled turtles during hibernation. Biomolecules 9(11):682
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ (2009) An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy. Autophagy Infect Immun:1–32
Baek K-H, Park J, Shin I (2012) Autophagy-regulating small molecules and their therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 41(8):3245–3263
Glick D, Barth S, Macleod KF (2010) Orthomolecular medicine. J Pathol 221(1):3–12
Ali W, Bian Y, Ali H, Sun J, Zhu J, Ma Y et al (2023) Cadmium-induced impairment of spermatozoa development by reducing exosomal-MVBs secretion: a novel pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 15(10):4096
Duan Y, Zhao Y, Wang T, Sun J, Ali W, Ma Y et al (2023) Taurine alleviates cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity by regulating autophagy flux. Int J Mol Sci 24(2):1205
UT CABEB, Droge W, French M, Terman A (2005) Autophagy and aging: the importance of maintaining “clean” cells. Autophagy 1:131–140
Tarique I, Vistro WA, Bai X, Yang P, Hong C, Huang Y et al (2019) LIPOPHAGY: a novel form of steroidogenic activity within the LEYDIG cell during the reproductive cycle of turtle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 17:1–12
Haseeb A, Bai X, Tarique I, Chen H, Yang P, Gandahi N et al (2019) Characterization of in vivo autophagy during avian spermatogenesis. Poult Sci 98(10):5089–5099
Lochi GM, Shah MG, Gandahi JA, Gadahi JA, Hadi SA, Farooq T et al (2023) Effect of selenium nanoparticles and chitosan on production performance and antioxidant integrity of heat-stressed broiler. Biol Trace Elem Res 201(4):1977–1986
Huang G, Liu Z, He L, Luk K-H, Cheung S-T, Wong K-H et al (2018) Autophagy is an important action mode for functionalized selenium nanoparticles to exhibit anti-colorectal cancer activity. Biomater Sci 6(9):2508–2517
Malyar RM, Li H, Liu D, Abdulrahim Y, Farid RA, Gan F et al (2020) Selenium/zinc-enriched probiotics improve serum enzyme activity, antioxidant ability, inflammatory factors and related gene expression of Wistar rats inflated under heat stress. Life Sci 248:117464
Joseph J, Loscalzo J (2013) Selenistasis: epistatic effects of selenium on cardiovascular phenotype. Nutrients 5(2):340–358
Yüksel E, Nazıroğlu M, Şahin M, Çiğ B (2017) Involvement of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels on hyperalgesia, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat fibromyalgia model: protective role of selenium. Sci Rep 7(1):17543
Rayman MP (2012) Selenium and human health. Lancet 379(9822):1256–1268
Hatfield DL, Tsuji PA, Carlson BA, Gladyshev VN (2014) Selenium and selenocysteine: roles in cancer, health, and development. Trends Biochem Sci 39:112–120
Zhang Y, Roh YJ, Han S-J, Park I, Lee HM, Ok YS et al (2020) Role of selenoproteins in redox regulation of signaling and the antioxidant system: a review. Antioxidants 9(5):383
Larsen PR, Zavacki AM (2013) Role of the iodothyronine deiodinases in the physiology and pathophysiology of thyroid hormone action. Eur Thyroid J 1(4):232–242
Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN (2014) Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 94(3):739–777
Fath MA, Ahmad IM, Smith CJ, Spence J, Spitz DR (2011) Enhancement of carboplatin-mediated lung cancer cell killing by simultaneous disruption of glutathione and thioredoxin metabolism chemosensitization of lung cancer using GSH and TR inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 17(19):6206–6217
Scarbrough PM, Mapuskar KA, Mattson DM, Gius D, Watson WH, Spitz DR (2012) Simultaneous inhibition of glutathione-and thioredoxin-dependent metabolism is necessary to potentiate 17AAG-induced cancer cell killing via oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 52(2):436–443
Kreft H, Jetz W (2007) Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(14):5925–5930
Schwartz LM (2021) Autophagic cell death during development–ancient and mysterious. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:656370
Minich WB (2022) Selenium metabolism and biosynthesis of selenoproteins in the human body. Biochemistry (Moscow) 87(Suppl 1):S168–SS77
Kieliszek M, Bano I (2022) Selenium as an important factor in various disease states: a review. EXCLI J 21:948–966
Chi Q, Luan Y, Zhang Y, Hu X, Li S (2019) The regulatory effects of miR-138-5p on selenium deficiency-induced chondrocyte apoptosis are mediated by targeting SelM. Metallomics 11(4):845–857
Cui J, Liu H, Xu S (2020) Selenium-deficient diet induces necroptosis in the pig brain by activating TNFR1 via mir-29a-3p. Metallomics 12(8):1290–1301
Zhang F, Li X, Wei Y (2023) Selenium and Selenoproteins in Health. Biomolecules 13(5):799
Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D (2022) The role of selenium in pathologies: An updated review. Antioxidants 11(2):251
Tan S, Zheng Z, Liu T, Yao X, Yu M, Ji Y (2022) Schisandrin B induced ROS-mediated autophagy and Th1/Th2 imbalance via selenoproteins in Hepa1-6 cells. Front Immunol 13
Qian G, Liu D, Hu J, Gan F, Hou L, Zhai N et al (2018) SeMet attenuates OTA-induced PCV2 replication promotion by inhibiting autophagy by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Vet Res 49(1):1–12
Zang H, Qian S, Li J, Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Cui L et al (2020) The effect of selenium on the autophagy of macrophage infected by Staphylococcus aureus. Int Immunopharmacol 83:106406
Chen W, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Wei B, Shi J, Shao B et al (2021) Selenium donor restricts the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the induction of c-Jun-mediated both canonical autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages. Microb Pathog 161:105269
Yu H, Huang Y, Ge Y, Hong X, Lin X, Tang K et al (2021) Selenite-induced ROS/AMPK/FoxO3a/GABARAPL-1 signaling pathway modulates autophagy that antagonize apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Discov Oncol 12:1–12
Chen J, Feng T, Wang B, He R, Xu Y, Gao P et al (2022) Enhancing organic selenium content and antioxidant activities of soy sauce using nano-selenium during soybean soaking. Front Nutr 9
Kumar A, Prasad KS (2021) Role of nano-selenium in health and environment. J Biotechnol 325:152–163
Sentkowska A, Pyrzyńska K (2022) The influence of synthesis conditions on the antioxidant activity of selenium nanoparticles. Molecules 27(8):2486
Ra S, Bowman B, Russell R (eds) (2006) Selenium. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 9th edn. International Life Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, pp 480–497
Zhang S, Luo Y, Zeng H, Wang Q, Tian F, Song J et al (2011) Encapsulation of selenium in chitosan nanoparticles improves selenium availability and protects cells from selenium-induced DNA damage response. J Nutr Biochem 22(12):1137–1142
Bisht N, Phalswal P, Khanna PK (2022) Selenium nanoparticles: a review on synthesis and biomedical applications. Mater Adv 3(3):1415–1431
Varlamova EG, Turovsky EA, Blinova EV (2021) Therapeutic potential and main methods of obtaining selenium nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 22(19):10808
Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Mal’tseva VN, Turovsky EA, Sarimov RM, Simakin AV et al (2021) Mechanisms of the cytotoxic effect of selenium nanoparticles in different human cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Sci 22(15):7798
Ferro C, Florindo HF, Santos HA (2021) Selenium nanoparticles for biomedical applications: From development and characterization to therapeutics. Adv Healthcare Mater 10(16):2100598
Rao L, Ma Y, Zhuang M, Luo T, Wang Y, Hong A (2014) Chitosan-decorated selenium nanoparticles as protein carriers to improve the in vivo half-life of the peptide therapeutic BAY 55-9837 for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Nanomed 9:4819
Ikram M, Javed B, Raja NI, Mashwani ZUR (2021) Biomedical potential of plant-based selenium nanoparticles: a comprehensive review on therapeutic and mechanistic aspects. Int J Nanomed: 249–268
Wang Y, Wang C, Li K, Song X, Yan X, Yu L et al (2021) Recent advances of nanomedicine-based strategies in diabetes and complications management: diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics. J Controlled Release 330:618–640
Xia Y, Lin Z, Li Y, Zhao M, Wang C, Guo M et al (2017) Targeted delivery of siRNA using RGDfC-conjugated functionalized selenium nanoparticles for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 5(33):6941–6952
Wang C, Chen H, Chen D, Zhao M, Lin Z, Guo M et al (2020) The inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus-induced apoptosis by surface decoration of selenium nanoparticles with β-thujaplicin through reactive oxygen species-mediated AKT and p53 signaling pathways. ACS Omega 5(47):30633–30642
Zhang H, Li Z, Dai C, Wang P, Fan S, Yu B et al (2021) Antibacterial properties and mechanism of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Providencia sp. DCX. Environ Res 194:110630
Menon S, Ks SD, Santhiya R, Rajeshkumar S, Kumar V (2018) Selenium nanoparticles: a potent chemotherapeutic agent and an elucidation of its mechanism. Colloids Surf B: Biointerfaces 170:280–292
Khurana A, Tekula S, Saifi MA, Venkatesh P, Godugu C (2019) Therapeutic applications of selenium nanoparticles. Biomed Pharmacother 111:802–812
Cui D, Ma J, Liang T, Sun L, Meng L, Liang T et al (2019) Selenium nanoparticles fabricated in laminarin polysaccharides solutions exert their cytotoxicities in HepG2 cells by inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 137:829–835
Hu Y, Liu T, Li J, Mai F, Li J, Chen Y et al (2019) Selenium nanoparticles as new strategy to potentiate γδ T cell anti-tumor cytotoxicity through upregulation of tubulin-α acetylation. Biomaterials 222:119397
Trocoli A, Djavaheri-Mergny M (2011) The complex interplay between autophagy and NF-κB signaling pathways in cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 1(5):629
Xiao X, Dufek J, Murphy RR (2021) Autonomous visual assistance for robot operations using a tethered uav. In: Field and Service Robotics: Results of the 12th International Conference. Springer, pp 15–29
Cheng Z, Shu Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhou S, Liu H (2022) Evaluation of potential cardiotoxicity of ammonia: L-selenomethionine inhibits ammonia-induced cardiac autophagy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 233:113304
Yang B, Li Y, Ma Y, Zhang X, Yang L, Shen X et al (2021) Selenium attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced damage to the blood-brain barrier in hyperglycemia through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy inhibition. Int J Mol Med 48(3):1–13
Wu JC, Wang FZ, Tsai ML, Lo CY, Badmaev V, Ho CT et al (2015) Se-Allylselenocysteine induces autophagy by modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and epigenetic regulation of PCDH17 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 59(12):2511–2522
Pant R, Sharma N, Kabeer SW, Sharma S, Tikoo K (2023) Selenium-enriched probiotic alleviates western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via modulation of autophagy through AMPK/SIRT-1 pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 201(3):1344–1357
Zhang N, Zhao Y (2019) Other molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy. Autophagy: Biology and Diseases: Basic. Science:261–271
Zhang R, Liu Q, Guo R, Zhang D, Chen Y, Li G et al (2021) Selenium deficiency induces autophagy in chicken bursa of fabricius through ChTLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res:1–12
Adegoke E, Xue W, Machebe N, Adeniran S, Hao W, Chen W et al (2018) Sodium Selenite inhibits mitophagy, downregulation and mislocalization of blood-testis barrier proteins of bovine Sertoli cell exposed to microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) via TLR4/NF-kB and mitochondrial signaling pathways blockage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 166:165–175
Vickers NJ (2017) Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too? Curr Biol 27(14):R713–R7R5
Shi K, Meng D, Wang Y, Tian W, Zhang Y, An J (2022) ATM/IKK alpha axis regulates the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in selenite-treated Jurkat cells. Chem-Biol Interact 367:110178
Ding D, Mou D, Zhao L, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z et al (2021) Maternal organic selenium supplementation alleviates LPS induced inflammation, autophagy and ER stress in the thymus and spleen of offspring piglets by improving the expression of selenoproteins. Food Funct 12(22):11214–11228
Li M, Cheng W, Zhang L (2021) Maternal selenium deficiency suppresses proliferation, induces autophagy dysfunction and apoptosis in the placenta of mice. Metallomics 13(11):mfab058
El Asar HM, Mohammed EA, Aboulhoda BE, Emam HY, Imam AA-A (2019) Selenium protection against mercury neurotoxicity: modulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the anterior pituitary. Life Sci 231:116578
Zhou S, Zhang X, Fu Q, Cheng Z, Ji W, Liu H (2022) The use of selenomethionine to reduce ammonia toxicity in porcine spleen by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy mediated by oxidative stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 242:113887
Ran D, Zhou D, Liu G, Ma Y, Ali W, Yu R et al (2023) Reactive oxygen species control osteoblast apoptosis through SIRT1/PGC-1α/P53Lys382 signaling, mediating the onset of Cd-induced osteoporosis. J Agric Food Chem 71(15):5991–6002
Sun J, Qu H, Ali W, Chen Y, Wang T, Ma Y et al (2022) Co-exposure to cadmium and microplastics promotes liver fibrosis through the hemichannels-ATP-P2X7 pathway
Ali W, Ma Y, Zhu J, Zou H, Liu Z (2022) Mechanisms of cadmium-induced testicular injury: a risk to male fertility. Cells 11(22):3601
Ali W, Deng K, Sun J, Ma Y, Liu Z, Zou H (2023) A new insight of cadmium-induced cellular evidence of autophagic-associated spermiophagy during spermatogenesis. Environ SciPollut Res:1–11
Ali W, Bian Y, Zhang H, Qazi IH, Zou H, Zhu J et al (2023) Effect of cadmium exposure during and after pregnancy of female. Environ Pollut Bioavailab 35(1):2181124
Wang S, Hou L, Wang M, Feng R, Lin X, Pan S et al (2021) Selenium-alleviated testicular toxicity by modulating inflammation, heat shock response, and autophagy under oxidative stress in lead-treated chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res:1–13
Huang H, Wang Y, An Y, Jiao W, Xu Y, Han Q et al (2019) Selenium alleviates oxidative stress and autophagy in lead-treated chicken testes. Theriogenology 131:146–152
Liu D, Xu J, Qian G, Hamid M, Gan F, Chen X et al (2018) Selenizing astragalus polysaccharide attenuates PCV2 replication promotion caused by oxidative stress through autophagy inhibition via PI3K/AKT activation. Int J Biol Macromol 108:350–359
Yang Y, Luo H, Hui K, Ci Y, Shi K, Chen G et al (2016) Selenite-induced autophagy antagonizes apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 35(3):1255–1264
Geng S, Wang S, Zhu W, Xie C, Li X, Wu J et al (2017) Curcumin attenuates BPA-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells through suppression of JNK/p38 pathways. Toxicol Lett 272:75–83
Tao L, Liu K, Li J, Zhang Y, Cui L, Dong J et al (2022) Selenomethionine alleviates NF-κB-mediated inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by Escherichia coli by enhancing autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 110:108989
Wang R, Ha K-y, Dhandapani S, Kim Y-J (2022) Biologically synthesized black ginger-selenium nanoparticle induces apoptosis and autophagy of AGS gastric cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnol 20(1):1–20
Hosseinabadi T, Lorigooini Z, Tabarzad M, Salehi B, Rodrigues CF, Martins N et al (2019) Silymarin antiproliferative and apoptotic effects: insights into its clinical impact in various types of cancer. Phytother Res 33(11):2849–2861
Wang Z, Gao L, Guo X, Feng C, Deng K, Lian W et al (2019) Identification of microRNAs associated with the aggressiveness of prolactin pituitary tumors using bioinformatic analysis Corrigendum in/10.3892/or. 2021.8081. Oncol Rep 42(2):533–548
Javed S, Kohli K, Ali M (2011) Reassessing bioavailability of silymarin. Altern Med Rev 16(3):239
Mi X-j, Choi HS, Perumalsamy H, Shanmugam R, Thangavelu L, Balusamy SR et al (2022) Biosynthesis and cytotoxic effect of silymarin-functionalized selenium nanoparticles induced autophagy mediated cellular apoptosis via downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in gastric cancer. Phytomedicine 99:154014
Zhang W, Lin W, Pei Q, Hu X, Xie Z, Jing X (2016) Redox-hypersensitive organic nanoparticles for selective treatment of cancer cells. Chem Mater 28(12):4440–4446
Li J, Gu Y, Zhang W, Bao C-Y, Li C-R, Zhang J-Y et al (2019) Molecular mechanism for selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells of diselenide-containing paclitaxel nanoparticles. Int J Biol Sci 15(8):1755
Kumari M, Ray L, Purohit M, Patnaik S, Pant A, Shukla Y et al (2017) Curcumin loading potentiates the chemotherapeutic efficacy of selenium nanoparticles in HCT116 cells and Ehrlich’s ascites carcinoma bearing mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 117:346–362
Kumari M, Purohit MP, Patnaik S, Shukla Y, Kumar P, Gupta KC (2018) Curcumin loaded selenium nanoparticles synergize the anticancer potential of doxorubicin contained in self-assembled, cell receptor targeted nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 130:185–199
Alarifi S, Ali H, Alkahtani S, Alessia MS (2017) Regulation of apoptosis through bcl-2/bax proteins expression and DNA damage by nano-sized gadolinium oxide. Int J Nanomed 12:4541
Li X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou P, Wei K, Wang H et al (2020) Hierarchically constructed selenium-doped bone-mimetic nanoparticles promote ROS-mediated autophagy and apoptosis for bone tumor inhibition. Biomaterials 257:120253
Huang J, Liu Y, Liu T, Chang Y, Chen T, Li X (2019) Dual-targeting nanotherapeutics antagonize hyperinsulinemia-promoted tumor growth via activating cell autophagy. J Mater Chem B 7(43):6751–6758
Bao P, Chen Z, Tai R-Z, Shen H-M, Martin FL, Zhu Y-G (2015) Selenite-induced toxicity in cancer cells is mediated by metabolic generation of endogenous selenium nanoparticles. J Proteome Res 14(2):1127–1136
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31702305, 31872533, 32072933), and a Project Funded by Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
This work contains no potential conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, W., Chen, Y., Gandahi, J.A. et al. Cross-Talk Between Selenium Nanoparticles and Cancer Treatment Through Autophagy. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 2931–2940 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03886-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03886-8