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Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chicks

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Abstract

The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have attracted exhilarating research interest due to their novel distinguishing characteristics such as size, shape, high surface activity, large surface area and biocompatibility. Being highly bioavailable and exerting a superior efficacy than conventional zinc sources, ZnONPs is emerging as an alternative feed supplement for poultry. The present study involves the synthesis of ZnONPs through a cost effective and eco-friendly method using planetary ball milling technique and characterized for its size, shape, optical property, functional group and elemental concentration using particle size analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity study using Baby Hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, Vero cells and primary chick liver culture cells revealed that ZnONPs can be safely incorporated in the broiler chick’s feed up to the concentration of 100 mg/kg. To investigate the effects of ZnONPs on production performances in broiler chicks, a feeding trial was carried out using 150-day-old broiler chicks randomly allotted in five treatment groups. The dietary treatment groups were: T1 (80 mg/kg of zinc oxide), T2 (60 mg/kg of zinc methionine) and T3, T4 and T5 received 60, 40 and 20 mg/kg of ZnONPs respectively. The results showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks supplemented with 20 and 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs. The ZnONPs supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the dressing percentage in addition to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the meat pH compared to inorganic and organic zinc supplementation. Overall, an eco-friendly method for ZnONPs synthesis was demonstrated and the optimum dietary level (20 mg/kg) of ZnONPs could enhance the growth, the meat quality and Zn uptake without any negative effects on selected serum biochemical parameters in the broiler chicks.

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Data Availability

The data are available by the corresponding author upon a reasonable query.

Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine transaminase

BHK-21 Cells:

Baby Hamster Kidney cells

BIS:

Bureau of Indian Standards

DLS:

Dynamic Light Scattering

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

FCR:

Feed conversion ratio

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

HR-TEM:

High Resolution - Transmission Electron Microscopy

ICP-MS:

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

MTT:

(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) dye

nm:

Nano meter

NP:

Nanoparticles

RPM:

Rotation per minute

SFV:

Shear Force Value

UV-Vis:

Ultra violet Visible

WHC:

Water Holding Capacity

XRD:

X-Ray Diffractogram

Zn:

Zinc

ZnONPs:

Zinc oxide nano particles

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India

    V. Mozhiarasi

  2. Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India

    R. Karunakaran

  3. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India

    P. Raja

  4. Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam, Potheri, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India

    L. Radhakrishnan

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Contributions

V. Mozhiarasi: Optimization of ZnONPs Synthesis, Conducting the feeding trial, Growth, dressing percentage, meat quality, serum biochemistry, serum zinc concentration studies and statistical analysis, draft manuscript writing; R. Karunakaran: Conceptualization, design and supervision of complete study, fund mobilization, growth performance data analysis, manuscript reviewing editing and finalizing; P. Raja; Characterization and In vitro cytotoxicity assay of ZnONPs, manuscript correction; L. Radhakrishnan; Feed formulation, monitoring of feeding trial and manuscript reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to R. Karunakaran.

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Ethical Approval

The experimental procedures and animal handling were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) for the use and care of animals at Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai − 7 (Lr.No. 508/DFBS/IAEC/2022 dated on 05.05.2022).

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Mozhiarasi, V., Karunakaran, R., Raja, P. et al. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1683–1698 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03759-0

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