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In Vitro Effects of Zirconia Nanoparticles: Uptake, Genotoxicity, and Mutagenicity in V-79 cells

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Abstract

Zirconia nanoparticles are used in various industrial and biomedical applications such as dental implants, thermal barrier sprays, and fuel cells. The interaction of nanoparticles with the environment and humans is inevitable. Despite the enormous application potential of these nanoparticles, there are still some gaps in the literature regarding potential toxicological mechanisms and the genotoxicity of zirconia nanoparticles. The lung is one of the main exposure routes to nanomaterials; therefore, the present study was designed to determine the genotoxic and mutagenic effect of zirconia NPs in V-79 lung cells. Zirconia nanoparticles showed significant internalization in cells at 100 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL concentrations. Zirconia nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity and were found to generate ROS in V-79 cells. In alkaline comet assay, zirconia nanoparticles (10 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) exposed cells exhibited significant DNA strand breaks, while the neutral comet assay, which was used for double-strand break assessment, only revealed significant damage at 100 μg/mL. Chromosomal aberration induced by zirconia nanoparticles mainly resulted in the generation of gaps, few fragments, and breaks which signifies the low clastogenic activity of these nanoparticles in the V-79 cell line. In MN assay, zirconia nanoparticles resulted in no significant micronuclei induction at any given concentration. In the HPRT mutation assay, the particle shows a dose-dependent increase in the mutant frequency. It is evident from the result that zirconia nanoparticles cause dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but still, more studies are needed to evaluate the clastogenic potential and the possible mechanism involved.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are greatly thankful to Mr. J. Shankar, Dr. P.N. Saxena, and Ms. Divya Singh for their assistance in TEM, SEM, and XRD studies, respectively.

Funding

The authors acknowledge CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, for funding. DM acknowledges the CSIR for the JRF and SRF funding. The institutional manuscript number is IITR/SEC/MS/2023/38.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, VishvigyanBhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Alok Kumar Pandey

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India

    Durgesh Mourya, Kavita Dubey, Renuka Maurya & Alok Kumar Pandey

  3. Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India

    Durgesh Mourya, Kavita Dubey, Shambhavi Jha, Renuka Maurya & Alok Kumar Pandey

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  1. Durgesh Mourya
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  2. Kavita Dubey
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  3. Shambhavi Jha
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Contributions

The work presented in this paper was done in collaboration with all authors. DM and AKP conceived and designed the experiments used in the paper. DM performed the experiments with the aid of RM and KD and SJ. KD and SJ contributed in data analysis of the experiments. DM wrote the manuscript of the paper with the help of AKP. All authors gave critical feedback and helped in research, analysis, and manuscript. AKP defined the research theme and supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and finalize manuscript and contributed in the approval of the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alok Kumar Pandey.

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Mourya, D., Dubey, K., Jha, S. et al. In Vitro Effects of Zirconia Nanoparticles: Uptake, Genotoxicity, and Mutagenicity in V-79 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 927–940 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03739-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03739-4

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